Abstract: According to an embodiment, a burner system provides a flow of premixed fuel and flue gas, and combustion airflow is provided at an intended distal flame front position. The burner system may include a pilot burner. A burner system may include a pre-mix pilot burner. In an embodiment a main fuel may include a high hydrogen content.

Abstract: A method for calibrating a radiometric device for determining and/or monitoring the density of a medium located in a container includes: determining the count rate of the radioactive radiation after it has passed through the empty container on the basis of the activity of the transmitting unit; determining the measured count rate of the radioactive radiation after it has passed through the container when a calibration medium of known density is located in the container; determining the mass attenuation coefficient according to the formula ?=?(ln(N/N0))/(?1D), where D is a beam path of the radioactive radiation or inner diameter of the container, and ?1 is density of the calibration medium; and calculating a calibration curve representing the dependence of the density of the medium on the count rate of the measured radiation intensity after the radiation has passed through the container.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a fired heater includes a fuel and combustion air source configured to output fuel and combustion air into a combustion volume, the combustion volume including a combustion volume wall defining a lateral extent separate from an exterior volume. According to an embodiment, the fired heater includes a boiler heater and the combustion volume wall comprises a combustion pipe defining a lateral extent of the combustion volume, the combustion pipe being disposed to separate the combustion volume from a water and steam volume. The fired heater includes a mixing tube aligned to receive the fuel and combustion air from the fuel and combustion air source. The mixing tube may be separated from the combustion volume wall by a separation volume. The fired heater includes a bluff body flame holder aligned to receive a fuel and combustion air mixture from an outlet end of the mixing tube.

Abstract: A combustion system includes a fuel and oxidant source and a flame holder. The flame holder includes a plurality of discrete slats arranged in parallel defining combustion channels between adjacent slats. Pairs of adjacent slats may be oriented to operate substantially as a V-gutter. The fuel and oxidant source outputs fuel and oxidant into the combustion channels. The flame holder holds a combustion reaction of the fuel and oxidant in the combustion channels.

Abstract: A method for calibrating a radiometric device for determining and/or monitoring the density of a medium located in a container includes: determining the count rate of the radioactive radiation after it has passed through the empty container on the basis of the activity of the transmitting unit; determining the measured count rate of the radioactive radiation after it has passed through the container when a calibration medium of known density is located in the container; determining the mass attenuation coefficient according to the formula ?=?(ln(N/N0))/(?1D), where D is a beam path of the radioactive radiation or inner diameter of the container, and ?1 is density of the calibration medium; and calculating a calibration curve representing the dependence of the density of the medium on the count rate of the measured radiation intensity after the radiation has passed through the container.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a fired heater includes a fuel and combustion air source configured to output fuel and combustion air into a combustion volume, the combustion volume including a combustion volume wall defining a lateral extent separate from an exterior volume. According to an embodiment, the fired heater includes a boiler heater and the combustion volume wall comprises a combustion pipe defining a lateral extent of the combustion volume, the combustion pipe being disposed to separate the combustion volume from a water and steam volume. The fired heater includes a mixing tube aligned to receive the fuel and combustion air from the fuel and combustion air source. The mixing tube may be separated from the combustion volume wall by a separation volume. The fired heater includes a bluff body flame holder aligned to receive a fuel and combustion air mixture from an outlet end of the mixing tube.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a burner system includes a pilot burner disposed in a furnace at a distal position along a main fuel and combustion air flow axis, and one or more main fuel nozzles disposed at a proximal position along the main fuel and combustion air flow axis. The pilot burner is configured to support a pilot flame and the one or more main fuel nozzles are configured to support a main flame in contact with the pilot flame. The pilot burner is disposed to cause the main fuel and combustion air to be ignited by the pilot flame. The pilot burner may support a diffusion pilot flame or may include a premixing apparatus to support a pre-mixed flame.

Abstract: A burner includes a distal flame holder, first and second fuel nozzles, a fuel and oxidant source, and a mixing tube disposed upstream from the distal flame holder. Fuel emitted from the first fuel nozzle mixes with oxidant from the oxidant source to form a fuel and oxidant mixture to support combustion in the distal flame holder. A non-reactive fluid source such as recirculated flue gas provides a non-reactive fluid for dilution of the fuel and oxidant mixture to prevent flashback.

Abstract: A combustion system includes a fuel and oxidant source, a first distal flame holder body, a second distal flame holder body, and a thermal load. The fuel and oxidant source outputs fuel and oxidant. The first and second distal flame holder bodies simultaneously or alternately hold combustion reaction portions of the fuel and oxidant and/or of combustion products. The thermal load receives thermal energy from the first and second combustion reaction portions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for calibrating a radiometric apparatus for determining and/or monitoring density of a medium (6) located in a container (1). The method includes method steps as follows: determining the mass attenuation coefficient ?C of the empty container (1) with application of the half value thickness N/N0=0.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a fired heater includes a fuel and combustion air source configured to output fuel and combustion air into a combustion volume, the combustion volume including a combustion volume wall defining a lateral extent separate from an exterior volume. According to an embodiment, the fired heater includes a boiler heater and the combustion volume wall comprises a combustion pipe defining a lateral extent of the combustion volume, the combustion pipe being disposed to separate the combustion volume from a water and steam volume. The fired heater includes a mixing tube aligned to receive the fuel and combustion air from the fuel and combustion air source. The mixing tube may be separated from the combustion volume wall by a separation volume. The fired heater includes a bluff body flame holder aligned to receive a fuel and combustion air mixture from an outlet end of the mixing tube.

Abstract: A burner includes a distal flame holder, first and second fuel nozzles, a fuel and oxidant source, and a mixing tube disposed upstream from the distal flame holder. Fuel emitted from the first fuel nozzle mixes with oxidant from the oxidant source to form a fuel and oxidant mixture to support combustion in the distal flame holder. A non-reactive fluid source such as recirculated flue gas provides a non-reactive fluid for dilution of the fuel and oxidant mixture to prevent flashback.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a fired heater includes a fuel and combustion air source configured to output fuel and combustion air into a combustion volume, the combustion volume including a combustion volume wall defining a lateral extent separate from an exterior volume. According to an embodiment, the fired heater includes a boiler heater and the combustion volume wall comprises a combustion pipe defining a lateral extent of the combustion volume, the combustion pipe being disposed to separate the combustion volume from a water and steam volume. The fired heater includes a mixing tube aligned to receive the fuel and combustion air from the fuel and combustion air source. The mixing tube may be separated from the combustion volume wall by a separation volume. The fired heater includes a bluff body flame holder aligned to receive a fuel and combustion air mixture from an outlet end of the mixing tube.

Abstract: A set of operating system extensions that allow a single user operating system to support multiple users is disclosed. The extensions operate by creating multiple sets of operating system environments by copying a number of operating system variables that define the current operating system state. In a two user embodiment, a local personal computer console state is created for the user at the personal computer console and a remote console system state is created for a user at a remote console coupled to the personal computer system. A special virtual device driver then hooks into the operating system such that the special virtual device driver will be called before any thread switch. The special virtual device driver will load the proper operating system environment variables for the application that will be executed next. The operating system extensions also handle all input and output requests in a special manner.