Abstract: The invention relates to the use of 1-alkyl-2-alkyl pyridinium halide (e.g., 1-ethyl-2-methyl pyridinium bromide), 1-alkyl-3-alkyl pyridinium halide (e.g., 1-ethyl-3-methyl pyridinium bromide) or 1-alkyl-3-alkyl imidazolium halide (e.g., 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium bromide) as additives in an electrolyte used in hydrogen/bromine cells, for complexing the elemental bromine formed in such cells. The invention also provides an electrolyte comprising aqueous hydrogen bromide and said additives, and processes for operating an electrochemical flow cell selected from the group consisting of hydrogen/bromine or vanadium/bromine cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of 1-alkyl-2-alkyl pyridinium halide (e.g., 1-ethyl-2-methyl pyridinium bromide), 1-alkyl-3-alkyl pyridinium halide (e.g., 1-ethyl-3-methyl pyridinium bromide) or 1-alkyl-3-alkyl imidazolium halide (e.g., 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium bromide) as additives in an electrolyte used in hydrogen/bromine cells, for complexing the elemental bromine formed in such cells. The invention also provides an electrolyte comprising aqueous hydrogen bromide and said additives, and processes for operating an electrochemical flow cell selected from the group consisting of hydrogen/bromine or vanadium/bromine cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of 1-alkyl-2-alkyl pyridinium halide (e.g., 1-ethyl-2-methyl pyridinium bromide), 1-alkyl-3-alkyl pyridinium halide (e.g., 1-ethyl-3-methyl pyridinium bromide) or 1-alkyl-3-alkyl imidazolium halide (e.g., 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium bromide) as additives in an electrolyte used in hydrogen/bromine cells, for complexing the elemental bromine formed in such cells. The invention also provides an electrolyte comprising aqueous hydrogen bromide and said additives, and processes for operating an electrochemical flow cell selected from the group consisting of hydrogen/bromine or vanadium/bromine cells.

Abstract: A process relating to a preparing a clear aqueous composition. The process includes mixing in a vessel a high-capacity aqueous carrier, water-soluble organic acid having reducing capacity, a metalloid compound which is antimony or germanium compound, unsaturated alcohol and morpholine or derivative thereof, such that the dissolution of said metalloid compound in the aqueous carrier is accomplished under acidic environment.

Abstract: A liquid composition comprising a high-capacity aqueous carrier in which (i) a metalloid compound selected from the group consisting of antimony and germanium compounds and (ii) morpholine or derivative thereof are dissolved in the presence of (iii) unsaturated alcohol and (iv) water-soluble organic acid having reducing capacity, wherein the total concentration of said four components is preferably not less than 5% relative to the total weight of the composition. The composition is useful as a corrosion inhibitor. Also provided is a process for preparing the composition.

Abstract: A liquid composition comprising a high-capacity aqueous carrier in which (i) a metalloid compound selected from the group consisting of antimony and germanium compounds and (ii) morpholine or derivative thereof are dissolved in the presence of (iii) unsaturated alcohol and (iv) water-soluble organic acid having reducing capacity, wherein the total concentration of said four components is preferably not less than 5% relative to the total weight of the composition. The composition is useful as a corrosion inhibitor. Also provided is a process for preparing the composition.