Abstract: The invention relates to a prosthesis for promoting the in vivo reconstruction of a hollow organ or of a portion of a hollow organ, characterized in that it comprises: a biodegradable hollow tubular support membrane comprising at least one biocompatible and biodegradable polymer material, said support membrane being constituted of a porous outer layer and an essentially non-porous inner layer; and a material of living biological origin at the outer surface, and/or within at least one portion of the porous layer of said support member, and/or over the surface of the essentially non-porous layer facing the porous layer, said material of biological origin being chosen in order to allow the in vivo reconstruction of said organ or of said organ portion. The invention relates to a method for producing such a prosthesis and the medical applications thereof, especially for reconstructing at least one portion of a hollow tubular organ, in particular an esophagus.