Abstract: The disclosure provides an improved fuel injector and method of operating the fuel injector to provide at least two different types of fuel spray to a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The two types of spray are formed by providing a first fuel pressure to the fuel injector during a first portion of an injection event at a first pressure and providing a second fuel pressure to the fuel injection during a second portion of the injection event, and maintaining a substantially constant fuel flow rate throughout the injection event.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an improved system and method of operating a fuel injector of an engine to provide at least two different types of fuel spray in a combustion chamber of the engine by application of ultrasonic pulses to fuel in the fuel injector during an injection event. A first type of spray includes larger droplets that reduce the effective diffusion combustion area around the droplets and a second type of spray includes relatively small droplets that increase the effective diffusion combustion area around the droplets.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an improved fuel injector and method of operating the fuel injector to provide at least two different types of fuel spray to a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The two types of spray are formed by providing a first fuel pressure to the fuel injector during a first portion of an injection event at a first pressure and providing a second fuel pressure to the fuel injection during a second portion of the injection event, and maintaining a substantially constant fuel flow rate throughout the injection event.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an improved system and method of operating a fuel injector of an engine to provide at least two different types of fuel spray in a combustion chamber of the engine by application of ultrasonic pulses to fuel in the fuel injector during an injection event. A first type of spray includes larger droplets that reduce the effective diffusion combustion area around the droplets and a second type of spray includes relatively small droplets that increase the effective diffusion combustion area around the droplets.

Abstract: In a combustion space of a combustion engine, an inlet valve to supplies a gaseous medium which contains oxygen to the combustion space. A movable piston to compress the gaseous medium in the combustion spaces. An injector injects fuel in the combustion space in a jet which comprises a multiplicity of small fuel drops. The injector injects fuel in the combustion space at such a high initial velocity that the fuel injected in the jet mixes with the gaseous medium to form a substantially homogeneous mixture before the mixture has been decelerated to a velocity at which the fuel ignites and burns. Devices may cool the gaseous medium and the fuel before entry into the combustion space.

Abstract: A fuel pump device includes a fuel pump in which pressure-generating components in the form of a movable piston movable through a cylinder in the fuel pump together are operable to pressurize the fuel in a chamber exposed to the components to high pressure. To prevent the clearance between the pressure-generating components from increasing with increased heating of the fuel pump and to maintain a predetermined clearance between the piston and the surrounding cylinder, a temperature-regulator maintains a temperature within a predetermined temperature range in a region of the fuel pump which includes the clearance and at least portions of the pressure-generating components.

Abstract: A closed nozzle injector for injecting fuel at high pressure into the combustion chamber of an engine, is provided including a lower supply chamber positioned in the nozzle housing, an injector plunger including a lower guide sized to form a close sliding fit with a nozzle housing to guide the plunger during reciprocal movement, and a plurality of restriction orifices formed in the injector plunger and positioned about the injector plunger to restrict fuel flow from an upper supply chamber to the lower supply chamber. The lower guide is positioned axially between the lower supply chamber and the injection orifices.

Abstract: A method and equipment for obtaining routing data for a data transfer packet is presented. The data transfer packet is associated with information indicating a quality-of-service class of the data transfer packet and is related to protocol data associated with a data transfer protocol being used. The method using the protocol data as an input quantity for reading basic data and a reduction rule that are compatible with a routing table and the protocol data, using the information indicating the quality-of-service class as an input quantity of the reduction rule for obtaining auxiliary routing data, and obtaining the routing data on the basis of the basic data and the auxiliary routing data. The reduction rule connects auxiliary data to each quality-of-service class in such a way that each auxiliary data is associated with at least two different quality-of-service classes in order to reduce the amount of required storage capacity.

Abstract: An injector for fuel includes a passage for receiving fuel at an above-atmospheric first pressure, a pressure amplifier and an injection valve which is settable in an open position and a closed position. The injection valve includes a piston element, a closing chamber and an opening chamber. To inject fuel, the pressure amplifier generates a higher second fuel pressure in the opening chamber so that the valve element moves towards an open position and fuel is injected. To end injection of fuel, the high pressure in the opening chamber is reduced and the closing chamber is connected to the fuel source at the first pressure so that the valve is moved towards the closed position by a combined force created by the first pressure and the spring.

Abstract: A fuel pump device includes a fuel pump in which pressure-generating components in the form of a movable piston movable through a cylinder in the fuel pump together are operable to pressurize the fuel in a chamber exposed to the components to high pressure. To prevent the clearance between the pressure-generating components from increasing with increased heating of the fuel pump and to maintain a predetermined clearance between the piston and the surrounding cylinder, a temperature-regulator maintains a temperature within a predetermined temperature range in a region of the fuel pump which includes the clearance and at least portions of the pressure-generating components.

Abstract: In a combustion space of a combustion engine, an inlet valve to supplies a gaseous medium which contains oxygen to the combustion space. A movable piston to compress the gaseous medium in the combustion spaces. An injector injects fuel in the combustion space in a jet which comprises a multiplicity of small fuel drops. The injector injects fuel in the combustion space at such a high initial velocity that the fuel injected in the jet mixes with the gaseous medium to form a substantially homogeneous mixture before the mixture has been decelerated to a velocity at which the fuel ignites and burns. Devices may cool the gaseous medium and the fuel before entry into the combustion space.

Abstract: An injector for fuel includes a passage for receiving fuel at an above-atmospheric first pressure, a pressure amplifier and an injection valve which is settable in an open position and a closed position. The injection valve includes a piston element, a closing chamber and an opening chamber. To inject fuel, the pressure amplifier generates a higher second fuel pressure in the opening chamber so that the valve element moves towards an open position and fuel is injected. To end injection of fuel, the high pressure in the opening chamber is reduced and the closing chamber is connected to the fuel source at the first pressure so that the valve is moved towards the closed position by a combined force created by the first pressure and the spring.

Abstract: Method and equipment for creating routing data in packet-switched data communications when the quality-of-service class of the data transfer packet to be routed influences the routing data. Based on protocol data, which can be, for example, an IPv4 destination address, and information of quality-of-service class, auxiliary routing data is defined, which indicates which of the routing data alternatives conforming to this protocol data corresponds to the information of quality-of-class. The routing data is created based on the interaction of the auxiliary routing data and the protocol data. The number of different combinations composed of protocol data and auxiliary routing data appearing in the practical data transfer networks is notably smaller than the number of different combinations composed of protocol data and information of quality-of-service class. This fact is utilized in the solution according to the invention for reducing the amount of required storage capacity.