Abstract: A use of a filament in 3D printing is disclosed. The filament includes a thermoplastic polymer and detonation nanodiamonds. The filament exhibits increased tensile strength and thermal conductivity and higher glass transition temperature compared to filaments not including detonation nanodiamonds. 3D items produced with the filament exhibits increased tensile strength and thermal conductivity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing zeta negative single digit carboxylated nanodiamond dispersion. The method comprises adjusting pH of zeta negative carboxylated nanodiamond suspension to at least 7, and subjecting the pH adjusted suspension to beads milling. The present invention further relates to zeta negative single digit carboxylated nanodiamond dispersion comprising zeta negative single digit carboxylated nanodiamond particles and a liquid medium, wherein zeta potential of the zeta negative single digit carboxylated nanodiamond dispersion is over ?37 mV measured at pH over 7, zeta negative single digit carboxylated nanodiamond particle concentration in the dispersion is over 2 wt-% and D90 average primary particle size distribution of the zeta negative single digit carboxylated nanodiamond particles is from 2 nm to 12 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing zeta positive hydrogenated nanodiamond particles, and to a method for producing zeta positive single digit hydrogenated nanodiamond dispersions. The present invention further relates to zeta positive hydrogenated nanodiamond powder and zeta positive single digit hydrogenated nanodiamond dispersion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing zeta negative single digit carboxylated nanodiamond dispersion. The method comprises adjusting pH of zeta negative carboxylated nanodiamond suspension to at least 7, and subjecting the pH adjusted suspension to beads milling. The present invention further relates to zeta negative single digit carboxylated nanodiamond dispersion comprising zeta negative single digit carboxylated nanodiamond particles and a liquid medium, wherein zeta potential of the zeta negative single digit carboxylated nanodiamond dispersion is over ?37 mV measured at pH over 7, zeta negative single digit carboxylated nanodiamond particle concentration in the dispersion is over 2 wt-% and D90 average primary particle size distribution of the zeta negative single digit carboxylated nanodiamond particles is from 2 nm to 12 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing zeta positive hydrogenated nanodiamond particles, and to a method for producing zeta positive single digit hydrogenated nanodiamond dispersions. The present invention further relates to zeta positive hydrogenated nanodiamond powder and zeta positive single digit hydrogenated nanodiamond dispersion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing zeta negative single digit carboxylated nanodiamond dispersion. The method comprises adjusting pH of zeta negative carboxylated nanodiamond suspension to at least 7, and subjecting the pH adjusted suspension to beads milling. The present invention further relates to zeta negative single digit carboxylated nanodiamond dispersion comprising zeta negative single digit carboxylated nanodiamond particles and a liquid medium, wherein zeta potential of the zeta negative single digit carboxylated nanodiamond dispersion is over ?37 mV measured at pH over 7, zeta negative single digit carboxylated nanodiamond particle concentration in the dispersion is over 2 wt-% and D90 average primary particle size distribution of the zeta negative single digit carboxylated nanodiamond particles is from 2 nm to 12 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing zeta positive hydrogenated nanodiamond particles, and to a method for producing zeta positive single digit hydrogenated nanodiamond dispersions. The present invention further relates to zeta positive hydrogenated nanodiamond powder and zeta positive single digit hydrogenated nanodiamond dispersion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing zeta positive hydrogenated nanodiamond particles, and to a method for producing zeta positive single digit hydrogenated nanodiamond dispersions. The present invention further relates to zeta positive hydrogenated nanodiamond powder and zeta positive single digit hydrogenated nanodiamond dispersion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing zeta negative single digit carboxylated nanodiamond dispersion. The method comprises adjusting pH of zeta negative carboxylated nanodiamond suspension to at least 7, and subjecting the pH adjusted suspension to beads milling. The present invention further relates to zeta negative single digit carboxylated nanodiamond dispersion comprising zeta negative single digit carboxylated nanodiamond particles and a liquid medium, wherein zeta potential of the zeta negative single digit carboxylated nanodiamond dispersion is over ?37 mV measured at pH over 7, zeta negative single digit carboxylated nanodiamond particle concentration in the dispersion is over 2 wt-% and D90 average primary particle size distribution of the zeta negative single digit carboxylated nanodiamond particles is from 2 nm to 12 nm.

Abstract: The invention relates in general level to radiation transference techniques as applied for utilization of material handling. The invention relates to a radiation source arrangement comprising a path of radiation transference, or an improved path of radiation transference, which path comprises a scanner or an improved scanner. The invention also concerns a target material suitable for vaporization and/or ablation. The invention concerns an improved scanner. The invention concerns also to a vacuum vaporization/ablation arrangement that has a radiation source arrangement according to invention. The invention concerns also a target material unit, to be used in coating and/or manufacturing target material.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to semiconductors, material layers within semiconductors, a production method of semiconductors, and a manufacturing arrangement for producing semiconductors. A semiconductor according to the invention includes at least one layer with a surface, produced by laser ablation, wherein the uniform surface area to be produced includes at least an area 0.2 dm2 and the layer has been produced by employing ultra short pulsed laser deposition wherein pulsed laser beam is scanned with a rotating optical scanner including at least one mirror for reflecting the laser beam.

Abstract: The invention relates in general level to a method for coating articulating surfaces of medical products. The invention also relates to coated medical products manufactured by the method. The coating is carried out by employing ultra short pulsed laser deposition wherein pulsed laser beam is preferably scanned with a rotating optical scanner including at least one mirror for reflecting the laser beam. The invention has several both industrially and qualitatively advantageous effects such as high coating production rate, excellent coating properties and overall low manufacturing costs.

Abstract: In order to produce a coating on a substrate, the substrate is placed adjacent to a target. Material is cold ablated off the target by focusing a number of consecutive laser pulses on the target, thus producing a number of consecutive plasma fronts that move at least partly to the direction of said substrate. The time difference between said consecutive laser pulses is so short that constituents resulting from a number of consecutive plasma fronts form a nucleus on a surface of the substrate where a mean energy of said constituents allows the spontaneous formation of a crystalline structure.

Abstract: The invention relates in general level to a method for coating glass products including large surface areas. The invention also relates to coated glass products manufactured by the method. The coating is carried out by employing ultra short pulsed laser deposition wherein pulsed laser beam is scanned with a rotating optical scanner including at least one mirror for reflecting the laser beam. The invention has several both industrially and qualitatively advantageous effects such as high coating production rate, excellent coating properties and overall low manufacturing costs.

Abstract: The invention relates in general level to radiation transference techniques as applied for utilisation of material handling. The invention relates to a radiation source arrangement comprising a path of radiation transference, or an improved path of radiation transference, which path comprises a scanner or an improved scanner. The invention also concerns a target material suitable for vaporization and/or ablation. The invention concerns an improved scanner. The invention concerns also to a vacuum vaporization/ablation arrangement that has a radiation source arrangement according to invention. The invention concerns also a target material unit, to be used in coating and/or manufacturing target material.

Abstract: The invention relates in general level to radiation transference techniques as applied for utilisation of material handling. The invention relates to a radiation source arrangement comprising a path of radiation transference, or an improved path of radiation transference, which path comprises a turbine scanner or an improved turbine scanner. The invention also concerns a target material suitable for vaporization and/or ablation. The invention concerns an improved turbine scanner. The invention concerns also to a vacuum vaporization/ablation arrangement that has a radiation source arrangement according to invention. The invention concerns also a target material unit, to be used in coating and/or manufacturing target material.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a coating method based on laser ablation where the distance between the substrate and the target being ablated is exceptionally small. The short distance allows coating the substrate even in industrial scale preferably also under a low-vacuum or even non-vacuum atmosphere. The invention is preferable in conjunction with the optimal coating of all large-size objects or objects with varying shapes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composite material based on water-insoluble polysaccharide. The composite material includes particles of at least one light scattering material, the surface of which is essentially covered by at least one water-insoluble polysaccharide material. The invention also relates to a method for the preparation of the composite material. Further, the invention relates to a paper and board manufacturing process, in which said composite materials are employed as manufacturing materials. Both highly organic end products with exceptional heat capacities and cheap, high filler end products can be manufactured. The invention also relates to a method for improving retention of light scattering filler material in the manufacture of paper and board.