Abstract: An electrolyte for a lithium-ion battery includes a primary lithium salt and a solvent composition. In some implementations, the solvent composition includes fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), at least one linear ester, and at least one branched ester. In some implementations, a mole fraction of the FEC in the electrolyte is in a range of about 2 mol. % to about 30 mol. %, a total mole fraction of the at least one linear ester and the at least one branched ester in the electrolyte is at least about 45 mol. %, a molar ratio of the at least one linear ester to the at least one branched esters is in a range of about 1:10 to about 20:1, and the electrolyte is substantially free of four-carbon cyclic carbonates. Lithium-ion batteries employing such electrolytes are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a lithium-ion battery includes a primary lithium salt and an organic compound composition. In some designs, the organic compound composition includes (1) fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), (2) vinylene carbonate (VC), (3) at least one ester (ES), and (4) a nitrile additive composition (NAC) which includes at least one nitrile compound. In some designs, a mole fraction of the NAC in the electrolyte is in a range of approximately 0.1 mol. % to approximately 2.0 mol. %. In some designs, a mole fraction of the at least one ES in the electrolyte is at least approximately 35 mol. %.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing aliphatic amines and nitriles by using the Fischer Tropsch synthesis (FTS), in the production of chain-lengthened hydrocarbons from CO and H2 and their terminal nitrogen functionalization using ammonia. The method can include activating a catalyst with a feed gas, wherein the feed gas comprises H2/CO mixtures; providing a temperature between 180° C. and 300° C. under a pressure between 1 bar to 25 bar; wherein the nitrogenates include at least one aliphatic amine and/or nitrile; and setting or adjusting the H2/CO ratio to selectively synthesize amines and/or nitriles over other nitrogen containing compounds.

Abstract: Herein disclosed are compositions for passive NOx adsorption and oxidation that include at least a manganese-based oxide and one or more promoter materials and methods for making and using said compositions. The promotor materials may include a rare earth, transition, or main group metal. The compositions may be used in NOx emission control system and adsorbs NOx compounds at low temperatures and then release NOx at higher temperatures, where the NOx can be oxidized, without the hybridized MnOX composition breaking down. The compositions are capable of maintaining a sufficiently large surface area at high temperatures found in the emissions gas streams of internal combustion engines necessary for the complete elimination of NOx.

Abstract: Herein disclosed are compositions for passive NOx adsorption and oxidation that include at least a manganese-based oxide and one or more promoter materials and methods for making and using said compositions. The promotor materials may include a rare earth, transition, or main group metal. The compositions may be used in NOx emission control system and adsorbs NOx compounds at low temperatures and then release NOx at higher temperatures, where the NOx can be oxidized, without the hybridized MnOX composition breaking down. The compositions are capable of maintaining a sufficiently large surface area at high temperatures found in the emissions gas streams of internal combustion engines necessary for the complete elimination of NOx.