Abstract: A synchronizer for passing data from a first system that transmits data based on a first clock and a second clock, to a second system that receives data based on a third clock, includes a first set of flip-flops for receiving data from the first system based on the first clock. The synchronizer includes a second set of flip-flops for receiving data from the first system based on the second clock. The synchronizer includes a first multiplexer coupled to outputs of the flip-flops in the first and the second set. The synchronizer includes a controller for controlling the first multiplexer to output data from selected ones of the flip-flops based on the third clock, thereby generating output data to be provided to the second system.

Abstract: A method of generating a test data pattern for testing a CRC algorithm, the CRC algorithm configured to generate CRC values based on a generator polynomial, the method including identifying a desired pattern of intermediate CRC values. The method includes generating a test data pattern based on the desired pattern of intermediate CRC values and the generator polynomial, wherein the test data pattern is configured to cause the CRC algorithm to generate the desired pattern of intermediate CRC values.

Abstract: A synchronizing system is provided for reliably passing data across a boundary between two independent, non-correlated clocks, referred to as the receiving and transmitting clocks. The system reduces occurrence of errors due to asynchronous samplings to an arbitrarily low level based on metastable operation. The system is organized as a two port memory with unit distance code addressing the memory cells. It performs a handshake between the two non-correlated clock systems to allow for any ratio between the two clocks.