Abstract: A method can include providing seismic data for a subsurface region that includes a reflector; processing at least a portion of the seismic data to generate at least one path that extends orthogonally to the reflector; and outputting output data representing the at least one path. Various other apparatuses, systems, methods, etc., are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method can include receiving data sets where each of the data sets corresponds to one of a plurality of individual emitter-detector arrangements; calculating a multi-dimensional similarity metric for one of the data sets; and, based at least in part on the multi-dimensional similarity metric, assessing the one data set.

Abstract: Implementations of discontinuity detection are described. In one possible embodiment, information associated with a computer-generated model is accessed. A location associated with a feature in the model can be reviewed for possible discontinuity properties by comparing an orientation associated with the location to an orientation of a true normal to the feature associated with a specific point nearby the location. In one possible aspect, if the orientation associated with the location and the true normal are within a given range of one another, the location can be flagged as a possible discontinuity in the feature.

Abstract: A method can include providing seismic data values for a subsurface region that includes a reflector; determining a gradient magnitude value based on at least a portion of the seismic data values; normalizing the gradient magnitude value using a nonlinear normalization equation that includes a gradient magnitude variable divided by a normalization variable raised to a power that depends on an adjustable parameter; and outputting the normalized gradient magnitude value. Various other apparatuses, systems, methods, etc., are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method can include receiving a request for a dip value for a location within a sub-surface volume; responsive to the request, locating complimentary dip values for locations within the sub-surface volume where the location for the requested dip value lies within bounds defined by the locations for the complimentary dips values; and interpolating a value for the requested dip value based on the complimentary dip values. Various other apparatuses, systems, methods, etc., are also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods perform consistent dip estimation for seismic imaging. An example system applies global consistency constraints during iterative volume dip estimation of a seismic volume to improve upon conventional dip estimation methods. With each iteration, the system applies single and joint dip constraints, checking local dip estimates for reciprocity, causality, consistency, and vertical and lateral continuity. At discontinuities in the seismic volume, local divergences are marked with a quality attribute. Upon convergence of the volume dip estimation, the volume may be rendered in 3D, including the discontinuities. In performing volume dip estimation, the system can also provide automatic horizon interpretation and automatic fault detection.

Abstract: A method for processing seismic data. The method may include splitting the seismic data into multiple datasets according to one or more offsets; determining a first shift amount in three or more dimensions of the seismic data between a dataset having a first offset and a dataset having a second offset, determining a second shift amount in the three or more dimensions between the dataset having the second offset and a dataset having a third offset, determining a cumulative shift amount based on a shift of the first shift amount and the second shift amount and determining a corrected dataset based on the dataset having the third offset and the cumulative shift amount.

Abstract: Implementations of discontinuity detection are described. In one possible embodiment, information associated with a computer-generated model is accessed. A location associated with a feature in the model can be reviewed for possible discontinuity properties by comparing an orientation associated with the location to an orientation of a true normal to the feature associated with a specific point nearby the location. In one possible aspect, if the orientation associated with the location and the true normal are within a given range of one another, the location can be flagged as a possible discontinuity in the feature.

Abstract: One or more computer-readable media include computer-executable instructions to instruct a computing system to, for a given time, solve the elastic wave equation in tensorial form for a geological reservoir model subject to stated conditions; and adjust a grid associated with the geological reservoir model based on solution of the elastic wave equation in tensorial form for the given time. Various other apparatuses, systems, methods, etc., are also disclosed.

Abstract: One or more computer-readable media including computer-executable instructions to instruct a computing system to define a Radon transform convolution mask; specify an angle that defines a line extending at least partially across a pixel image; and apply the mask successively to target pixels on the line to compute a statistical value for each of the target pixels where application of the mask identifies a set of pixels for computing the statistical value and where each successive application of the mask identifies a set of pixels that includes at least one pixel of a prior set and at least one pixel not included in the prior set to thereby reduce requirements for computing the statistical values. Various other apparatuses, systems, methods, etc., are also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods perform consistent dip estimation for seismic imaging. An example system applies global consistency constraints during iterative volume dip estimation of a seismic volume to improve upon conventional dip estimation methods. With each iteration, the system applies single and joint dip constraints, checking local dip estimates for reciprocity, causality, consistency, and vertical and lateral continuity. At discontinuities in the seismic volume, local divergences are marked with a quality attribute. Upon convergence of the volume dip estimation, the volume may be rendered in 3D, including the discontinuities. In performing volume dip estimation, the system can also provide automatic horizon interpretation and automatic fault detection.

Abstract: A method for processing seismic data. The method may include splitting the seismic data into multiple datasets according to one or more offsets; determining a first shift amount in three or more dimensions of the seismic data between a dataset having a first offset and a dataset having a second offset, determining a second shift amount in the three or more dimensions between the dataset having the second offset and a dataset having a third offset, determining a cumulative shift amount based on a shift of the first shift amount and the second shift amount and determining a corrected dataset based on the dataset having the third offset and the cumulative shift amount.

Abstract: Implementations of various technologies for a method for processing seismic data. In one implementation, the method includes (a) selecting a first trace from a first seismic data set and a second trace from a second seismic data set; (b) extracting one or more features of the same types from the first trace and the second trace; (c) matching the extracted features from the first trace with the extracted features from the second trace; and (d) calculating for a displacement field using one or more of the matching features of the first trace and the second trace.

Abstract: Implementations of various technologies for a method for processing seismic data. In one implementation, the method includes (a) selecting a first trace from a first seismic data set and a second trace from a second seismic data set; (b) extracting one or more features of the same types from the first trace and the second trace; (c) matching the extracted features from the first trace with the extracted features from the second trace; and (d) calculating for a displacement field using one or more of the matching features of the first trace and the second trace.

Abstract: A method of processing seismic data comprises identifying the value of a first parameter associated with an event in a first set of seismic data. The value of a second parameter associated with a corresponding event in a second sent of seismic data is then obtained using at least one look-up table. The first parameter may be PP travel time with the first data set being a raw PP data set, and the second parameter may be PS travel time with the second data set being a raw PS data set or reflection depth. The invention makes it possible to identify pairs of corresponding PP and PS events in raw data traces. The look-up table(s) are obtained using an assumed model for the velocity of propagation of acoustic energy within the earth. The results of the method may be used in quality control, or to correct the velocity model.

Abstract: A method of processing seismic data comprises identifying the value of a first parameter associated with an event in a first set of seismic data. The value of a second parameter associated with a corresponding event in a second set of seismic data is then obtained using at least one look-up table. The first parameter may be, for example, PP travel time with the first data set being a raw PP data set, and the second parameter may be, for example, PS travel time with the second data set being a raw PS data set or reflection depth. The invention makes it possible to identify pairs of corresponding PP and PS events in raw data traces. The look-up table(s) are obtained using an assumed model for the velocity of propagation of acoustic energy within the earth. The results of the method may be used in quality control, or may be used to correct the velocity model.