Abstract: Apparatus, systems, chips, and methods of performing a large number of simultaneous chemical reactions are provided herein. The chips of the invention comprise addressable units that can be addressed according to the temperature of the reaction to be run. The subject apparatus, systems, and chips are particularly suited for performing polymerase chain reactions on thousands of nucleic acid sequences, up to and including sequences of an entire genuine of an organism of interest.

Abstract: A method and system for authenticating answers to Domain Name System (DNS) queries originating from recursive DNS servers are provided. A verification component provides a verification that a DNS query originated from the recursive DNS server. An authoritative DNS server receives the query via a network, such as the Internet, and provides an answer to the query to an authentication component. The authentication component then provides an authentication, such as a digital signature, which confirms that the received answer was provided by the authoritative DNS server, and then communicates the answer and the authentication to the verification component via the network. The verification component then verifies that the authentication corresponds to the received answer and sends the answer to the recursive DNS server. When the verification component receives an answer in the absence of a corresponding authentication, the verification component drops the answer.

Abstract: A method and system for authenticating answers to Domain Name System (DNS) queries originating from recursive DNS servers provided. A verification component provides a versification that a DNS query originated from the recursive DNS server. An authoritative DNS server receives the query via a network, such as the Internet, provides an answer to the query to an authentication component. The authentication component then provides an authentication such as a digital signature, which confirms that the received answer was provided by the authoritative DNS server, and then communicates the answer and the authentication to the verification component via the network. The verification component then verifies that the authentication corresponds to the receive answer and sends the answer to the recursive DNS server. When the verification component receives an answer in the absence of a corresponding authentication the verification component drops the answer.

Abstract: The present invention provides miniaturized instruments for conducting chemical reactions where control of the reaction temperature is desired or required. Specifically, this invention provides chips and optical systems for performing and monitoring temperature-dependent chemical reactions. The apparatus and methods embodied in the present invention are particularly useful for high-throughput and low-cost amplification of nucleic acids.

Abstract: The present invention provides miniaturized instruments for conducting chemical reactions where control of the reaction temperature is desired or required. Specifically, this invention provides chips and optical systems for performing and monitoring temperature-dependent chemical reactions. The apparatus and methods embodied in the present invention are particularly useful for high-throughput and low-cost amplification of nucleic acids.

Abstract: A method and system for authenticating answers to Domain Name System (DNS) queries originating from recursive DNS servers provided. A verification component provides a versification that a DNS query originated from the recursive DNS server. An authoritative DNS server receives the query via a network, such as the Internet, provides an answer to the query to an authentication component. The authentication component then provides an authentication such as a digital signature, which confirms that the received answer was provided by the authoritative DNS server, and then communicates the answer and the authentication to the verification component via the network. The verification component then verifies that the authentication corresponds to the receive answer and sends the answer to the recursive DNS server. When the verification component receives an answer in the absence of a corresponding authentication the verification component drops the answer.

Abstract: A bandwidth management module on each of multiple appliances in a collaboration environment ensures that the sources, i.e. the appliances that share a common network connection, automatically share the network bandwidth without having to be aware of each other. This is done by having them compete for the available bandwidth in a self-balancing way, such that the stream with the lower bitrate will automatically consume more when extra bandwidth is available, and it will give up less when there is not enough bandwidth.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems, chips, and methods of performing a large number of simultaneous chemical reactions are provided herein. The chips of the invention comprise addressable units that can be addressed according to the temperature of the reaction to be run. The subject apparatus, systems, and chips are particularly suited for performing polymerase chain reactions on thousands of nucleic acid sequences, up to and including sequences of an entire genuine of an organism of interest.

Abstract: The present invention provides miniaturized instruments for conducting chemical reactions where control of the reaction temperature is desired or required. Specifically, this invention provides chips and optical systems for performing and monitoring temperature-dependent chemical reactions. The apparatus and methods embodied in the present invention are particularly useful for high-throughput and low-cost amplification of nucleic acids.

Abstract: The present invention provides miniaturized instruments for conducting chemical reactions where control of the reaction temperature is desired or required. Specifically, this invention provides chips and optical systems for performing and monitoring temperature-dependent chemical reactions. The apparatus and methods embodied in the present invention are particularly useful for high-throughput and low-cost amplification of nucleic acids.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems, chips, and methods of performing a large number of simultaneous chemical reactions are provided herein. The chips of the invention comprise addressable units that can be addressed according to the temperature of the reaction to be run. The subject apparatus, systems, and chips are particularly suited for performing polymerase chain reactions on thousands of nucleic acid sequences, up to and including sequences of an entire genome of an organism of interest.

Abstract: An audio system includes a processor including an input configured to: receive a baseband audio signal and modulate the baseband audio signal to create a modulated audio signal comprising audio signal frequency components in a first frequency range; clip the modulated audio signal to create a clipped, modulated audio signal the clipped modulated audio signal comprising the audio signal frequency components in the first range and further comprising distortion frequency components outside the first frequency range. The system can further be configured to filter the clipped, modulated audio signal to remove frequency components outside the first frequency to remove distortion components outside that frequency range.

Abstract: The present invention provides miniaturized instruments for conducting chemical reactions where control of the reaction temperature is desired or required. Specifically, this invention provides chips and optical systems for performing and monitoring temperature-dependent chemical reactions. The apparatus and methods embodied in the present invention are particularly useful for high-throughput and low-cost amplification of nucleic acids.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for positioning one component relative to another component. First metrology data may be identified for a first component and second metrology data may be identified for a second component. First locations of first features may be identified on the first component using the first metrology data. Second locations of second features on the second component may be identified using the second metrology data. A transformation may be computed based on the first locations identified and the second locations identified for use in modifying a movement plan of a robotic system for positioning the second component relative to the first component.

Abstract: A method and system for authenticating answers to Domain Name System (DNS) queries originating from recursive DNS servers are provided. A verification component provides a verification that a DNS query originated from the recursive DNS server. An authoritative DNS server receives the query via a network, such as the Internet, and provides an answer to the query to an authentication component. The authentication component then provides an authentication, such as a digital signature, which confirms that the received answer was provided by the authoritative DNS server, and then communicates the answer and the authentication to the verification component via the network. The verification component then verifies that the authentication corresponds to the received answer and sends the answer to the recursive DNS server. When the verification component receives an answer in the absence of a corresponding authentication, the verification component drops the answer.

Abstract: An audio system includes a processor including an input configured to: receive a baseband audio signal and modulate the baseband audio signal to create a modulated audio signal comprising audio signal frequency components in a first frequency range; clip the modulated audio signal to create a clipped, modulated audio signal the clipped modulated audio signal comprising the audio signal frequency components in the first range and further comprising distortion frequency components outside the first frequency range. The system can further be configured to filter the clipped, modulated audio signal to remove frequency components outside the first frequency to remove distortion components outside that frequency range.

Abstract: A method and system for authenticating answers to Domain Name System (DNS) queries originating from recursive DNS servers are provided. A verification component provides a verification that a DNS query originated from the recursive DNS server. An authoritative DNS server receives the query via a network, such as the Internet, and provides an answer to the query to an authentication component. The authentication component then provides an authentication, such as a digital signature, which confirms that the received answer was provided by the authoritative DNS server, and then communicates the answer and the authentication to the verification component via the network. The verification component then verifies that the authentication corresponds to the received answer and sends the answer to the recursive DNS server. When the verification component receives an answer in the absence of a corresponding authentication, the verification component drops the answer.

Abstract: The present invention provides miniaturized instruments for conducting chemical reactions where control of the reaction temperature is desired or required. Specifically, this invention provides chips and optical systems for performing and monitoring temperature-dependent chemical reactions. The apparatus and methods embodied in the present invention are particularly useful for high-throughput and low-cost amplification of nucleic acids.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems, chips, and methods of performing a large number of simultaneous chemical reactions are provided herein. The chips of the invention comprise addressable units that can be addressed according to the temperature of the reaction to be run. The subject apparatus, systems, and chips are particularly suited for performing polymerase chain reactions on thousands of nucleic acid sequences, up to and including sequences of an entire genome of an organism of interest.