Abstract: The present invention is directed towards a fired heater for heating a process fluid that uses U tubes provided with increased internal heat transfer surface to reduce tube metal temperatures and coking. and at the same time is not prone to plugging from coke. The fired heater comprises a radiant section enclosure with a number of U tubes in the radiant section. The U tubes are formed by connecting one or more tubular sections, and the U tubes are provided with internal generally longitudinal fins. The invention also is directed towards a process utilizing a fined heater with U tubes as disclosed for producing olefins from hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards a fired heater for heating a process fluid that uses U tubes provided with increased internal heat transfer surface to reduce tube metal temperatures and coking. and at the same time is not prone to plugging from coke. The fired heater comprises a radiant section enclosure with a number of U tubes in the radiant section. The U tubes are formed by connecting one or more tubular sections, and the U tubes are provided with internal generally longitudinal fins. The invention also is directed towards a process utilizing a fined heater with U tubes as disclosed for producing olefins from hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards a fired heater for heating a process fluid that uses U tubes provided with increased internal heat transfer surface to reduce tube metal temperatures and coking and at the same time is not prone to plugging from coke. The fired heater comprises a radiant section enclosure with a number of U tubes in the radiant section. The U tubes are formed by connecting one or more tubular sections, and the U tubes are provided with internal generally longitudinal fins. The invention also is directed towards a process utilizing a fined heater with U tubes as disclosed for producing olefins from hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards a fired heater for heating a process fluid that uses U tubes provided with increased internal heat transfer surface to reduce tube metal temperatures and coking, and at the same time is not prone to plugging from coke. The fired heater comprises a radiant section enclosure with a number of U tubes in the radiant section. The U tubes are formed by connecting one or more tubular sections, and the U tubes are provided with internal generally longitudinal fins. The invention also is directed towards a process utilizing a fined heater with U tubes as disclosed for producing olefins from hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: Methodology and concomitant circuitry for compacting an incoming data stream into an outgoing compacted data stream utilize a multiple, doubly-linked list and an associated class promotion data structure. The incoming data stream is partitioned into a sequence of symbols. A memory associated with the data structure stores each symbol, information regarding the recency rank of each symbol as it arrives in sequence as well as class information and pointer information for each symbol. For each symbol, the memory is checked to determine if the symbol is new or repeated. If the symbol is repeated, only the recency rank is used to form that part of the outgoing data stream associated with the new symbol. If the symbol is new, identification information is added to the symbol and both the identification information are emitted as part of the compacted stream. Memory update operations are then effected to change class, recency rank and pointer information.

Abstract: Methodology, and associated circuitry, for encoding and decoding signals utilize optimizing orthogonal code techniques that effect autonomy of communications and simplified signal processing, thereby improving reliability.Encoder (121) processes an incoming data stream by associating an optimizing orthogonal code with each binary one in the input stream and then by transmitting a series of rate-increased pulses over a path during intervals determined by the code for each of the binary ones.Decoder (131) is generally arranged as a correlation detector in that the decoder only responds to the particular optimizing orthogonal code for which it is configured. Sensors in energy transfer relation to the path are positioned at detection points on the path in correspondence to an assigned code. The outputs of the sensors are processed to produce a rate-decreased detected signal at the rate of the input stream whenever a rate-increased stream corresponding to the decoder configuration is propagating along the path.

Abstract: An improved single-pass, radiant tube for steam cracking hydrocarbons is capable of self-absorbing differential thermal expansion during furnace operation by virtue of tube sections being offset.