Abstract: Provided herein is a method of producing cathode materials. The method can include heating precursors in a first vessel to a first temperature to form heated precursors. The first temperature can be below a melting point of a solid including a compound formed from the precursors. The method can include transferring the heated precursors from the first vessel to a second vessel. The method can include heating the heated precursors to a second temperature to form a liquid. The second temperature can be at or above the melting point of the solid including the compound formed from the precursors.

Abstract: A hybrid fuel airplane and methods are presented. A cryogenic fuel is transferred to an airplane propulsor from an airplane fuel system comprising a cryogenic fuel tank and a jet fuel tank. The cryogenic fuel tank conforms to an outer mold line and carries a cryogenic fuel, and is located in a portion of the airplane body while not extending beyond the outer mold line. The jet fuel tank carries a jet fuel and is located in an airplane wing, or an airplane body, or both. A dynamic aircraft load is born on the cryogenic fuel tank, and the airplane propulsor is operated using the cryogenic fuel to generate thrust for the hybrid fuel airplane. An aerodynamic lift is generated using the airplane wing coupled to the airplane body.

Abstract: Provided are aircraft for transporting intermodal containers and methods of operating such aircraft including methods of loading and unloading the containers. An aircraft includes a fuselage having a cargo space for receiving and supporting intermodal containers. The containers are oriented in the transverse direction in the cargo space or, more specifically, in a direction normal to the longitude direction that extends from the nose to the tail of the aircraft. The aircraft may transport standard 20-foot or 40-foot containers or lighter version of such containers that otherwise have the same form and features as the standard intermodal containers. The intermodal containers may be loaded through an opening in the bottom of the fuselage. Specifically, intermodal containers may be arranged into a row. The aircraft may be then rolled over this row of the containers and lowered onto the containers followed by engaging container corners.

Abstract: Provided are aircraft for transporting intermodal containers and methods of operating such aircraft including methods of loading and unloading the containers. An aircraft includes a fuselage having a cargo space for receiving and supporting intermodal containers. The containers are oriented in the transverse direction in the cargo space or, more specifically, in a direction normal to the longitude direction that extends from the nose to the tail of the aircraft. The aircraft may transport standard 20-foot or 40-foot containers or lighter version of such containers that otherwise have the same form and features as the standard intermodal containers. The intermodal containers may be loaded through an opening in the bottom of the fuselage. Specifically, intermodal containers may be arranged into a row. The aircraft may be then rolled over this row of the containers and lowered onto the containers followed by engaging container corners.

Abstract: Provided are aircraft for transporting intermodal containers and methods of operating such aircraft including methods of loading and unloading the containers. An aircraft includes a fuselage having a cargo space for receiving and supporting intermodal containers. The containers are oriented in the transverse direction in the cargo space or, more specifically, in a direction normal to the longitude direction that extends from the nose to the tail of the aircraft. The aircraft may transport standard 20-foot or 40-foot containers or lighter version of such containers that otherwise have the same form and features as the standard intermodal containers. The intermodal containers may be loaded through an opening in the bottom of the fuselage. Specifically, intermodal containers may be arranged into a row. The aircraft may be then rolled over this row of the containers and lowered onto the containers followed by engaging container corners.

Abstract: A hybrid fuel airplane and methods are presented. A cryogenic fuel is transferred to an airplane propulsor from an airplane fuel system comprising a cryogenic fuel tank and a jet fuel tank. The cryogenic fuel tank conforms to an outer mold line and carries a cryogenic fuel, and is located in a portion of the airplane body while not extending beyond the outer mold line. The jet fuel tank carries a jet fuel and is located in an airplane wing, or an airplane body, or both. A dynamic aircraft load is born on the cryogenic fuel tank, and the airplane propulsor is operated using the cryogenic fuel to generate thrust for the hybrid fuel airplane. An aerodynamic lift is generated using the airplane wing coupled to the airplane body.

Abstract: A pivoting aircraft wing and associated system and method are provided. The pivoting aircraft wing includes a wing member, a carry-through structure, and a spar box assembly pivotally connected to the carry-through structure. The spar box assembly extends longitudinally within the wing member. The spar box assembly comprises a spar box and a bearing support structure attached to the spar box. The aircraft wing further includes a plurality of bearings disposed within a plurality of bearing races defined by the bearing support structure and carry-through structure. The plurality of bearing races advantageously define an arcuate path of rotation such that the wing member is capable of rotating about a virtual axis of rotation.

Abstract: A lubrication device is applied in a punching machine, and includes a hollow workpiece-guiding unit, and an oil feeding assembly, and a compressed-air supplying unit. The workpiece-guiding unit defines an interior chamber, and has a plate passage unit for extension of a horizontal metal plate therethrough. The plate passage unit is in fluid communication with the interior chamber in the workpiece-guiding unit. The oil feeding assembly supplies lubricating oil into the workpiece-guiding unit. The compressed-air supplying unit supplies compressed air to combine with the lubricating oil so that the lubricating oil is trained on the compressed air to form an oil gas, which flows into the interior chamber in the workpiece-guiding unit and onto the top and bottom surfaces of the metal plate.

Abstract: Method of zinc phosphatization of substrates essentially based on iron, zinc or their alloys, comprising successively:(1) one or several alkaline degreasing steps,(2) one or several rinsing steps with running city water,(3) an activating and refining step,(4) the zinc phosphatization step proper,(5) one or several rinsing steps with water,(6) preferably, a passivating final rinsing step, particularly by means of salts of hexavalent chromium or mixtures of hexavalent chromium and trivalent chromiumcharacterized by the fact that, to carry out the activating and refining step, recourse is had to a bath comprising, besides the conventional constituents among which are particularly at least one Jernstedt salt in a proportion corresponding to about 1 to 100 ppm of titanium, a proportion of 10 to 700 ppm, preferably from 50 to 200 ppm, of at least one alkane-phosphonic acid of formula ##STR1## or at least one of the alkali or ammonium salts corresponding to the abovesaid alkane-phosphonic acids, the pH of the bath b

Abstract: Process for the treatment by chemical conversion, within very short spaces of time of substrates of zinc or of one of its alloys especially of continuously zinc coated steel coils, wherein the bath employed in the phosphatization step proper comprises, besides the conventional constituents, a proportion of 0.3 to 2 g/l of Fe.sup.2+ ions, this bath comprising also from 0.2 to 1.5 g/l, preferably from 0.2 to 1.2 gl/ of Zn.sup.2+ ions and from 0.3 to 2 g/l, preferably from 0.3 to 1.2 g/l of Ni.sup.2+ ions, the weight ratiosZn/Ni and Zn Febeing comprised between 0.1 and 5, these ratios being preferably comprised respectively between 0.4 and 2 and between 0.25 and 4.

Abstract: Chemical conversion bath with zinc characterized by the fact that it comprises, besides the conventional constituents, an effective amount of fluorophosphate ion of the formula:F--PO.sub.3.sup.2-which can be introduced in the form of the corresponding acid, one of its alkali, alkaline-earth or ammonium salts or its zinc salt.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition and a process for the treatment, more precisely the "post-treatment" of phosphatized metal surfaces, particularly when the surfaces must be subsequently covered with a coat of paint. It relates also to a process for the preparation of the composition and a concentrate useful for this preparation. The composition comprises an effective proportion of trivalent titanium compound and it is presented with an acid pH, the proportion of said compound being sufficient for the corresponding composition to confer on the treated metal surface a protection equivalent to that obtained with known chromatizing solutions. More particularly, the composition contains trivalent titanium at a concentration of 0.01 to 2 g/l, preferably from 0.2 to 0.6 g/l and has a pH of 2 to 7. Reducing means can be arranged to regenerate the trivalent titanium in the treatment solution continuously.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of phosphating surfaces of iron and of steel with manganese.The abovesaid process is characterized by the fact on the one hand, that it does not include a refining treatment preceding the proper phosphating, and on the other hand, that the alkali degreasing bath has a pH of 9 to 12 and includes in suspension bivalent manganese in orthophosphate form.

Abstract: A treatment of iron or steel surfaces to give them enhanced anti-corrosive and paint-retaining characteristics comprises the application, by spraying, dipping or otherwise, of a composition in the form of a solution of phosphates which includes an accelerating agent represented by a quantity of tungstate ion and which has a pH value in the range 5.8 to 6.5, and preferably 6.0 to 6.4.