Abstract: Systems and methods for measuring quantum states of qubits with more than two levels are provided. A method can include, for a plurality of shuffling sequences, applying, by a quantum computer, one or more quantum gates to the one or more qubits to execute a quantum algorithm; applying, by the quantum computer, a shuffling sequence to the one or more qubits; and measuring, using a readout apparatus, the state of the one or more qubits to determine a readout state. The method can further include determining, by a classical computer or the quantum computer, an average occupation for one or more of the quantum states of the one or more qubits using the readout states for each of the shuffling sequences. The readout states can correspond to a state in a subset of the quantum states of the one or more qubits.

Abstract: Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) based on engineered quantum dots (QDs) are disclosed that include at least one lower band-gap energy LSC layer and at least one higher band-gap energy LSC layer. The higher band-gap energy LSC layer has a higher internal quantum efficiency (IQE) than the lower band-gap energy LSC layer. The lower band-gap energy LSC layer may broadly absorb the remainder of the solar spectrum that is not absorbed by previous layers. An external optical efficiency (EQE) of at least 6%, and in some cases, more than 10%, may be achieved by such LSCs.

Abstract: Systems and methods for measuring quantum states of qubits with more than two levels are provided. A method can include, for a plurality of shuffling sequences, applying, by a quantum computer, one or more quantum gates to the one or more qubits to execute a quantum algorithm; applying, by the quantum computer, a shuffling sequence to the one or more qubits; and measuring, using a readout apparatus, the state of the one or more qubits to determine a readout state. The method can further include determining, by a classical computer or the quantum computer, an average occupation for one or more of the quantum states of the one or more qubits using the readout states for each of the shuffling sequences. The readout states can correspond to a state in a subset of the quantum states of the one or more qubits.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating error models for quantum algorithms implemented on quantum processors having a plurality of qubits are provided in one example, a method includes obtaining data associated with a benchmark model, the benchmark model having one or more error indicators as features, one or more benchmarks as targets, and one or more trainable parameters, wherein each error indicator is associated with a distinct quantum gate calibrated in a distinct operating configuration associated with a plurality of operating parameters for the quantum gate and associated with a calibration data for the operating configuration. The method includes determining parameter values for the trainable parameters. The method include operating a quantum computing system based on operating parameters determined based on the parameter values.

Abstract: Systems and methods for operating one or more qubits in a quantum computing system are provided. In some examples, a method can include obtaining past time data associated with a temporal metric of an operating parameter of a qubit in a quantum device. The method can include selecting an operating parameter value based at least in part on the past time data associated with the temporal metric of the operating parameter to reduce likelihood of occurrence of a time dependent defect. The time dependent defect can exhibit a time dependent behavior. The method can include operating the qubit in the quantum device at the operating parameter value.

Abstract: Systems and methods for calibrating a qubit parameter for a qubit in a quantum computing system are provided. In one example, a method includes obtaining, by one or more computing devices, data associated with a set of one or more qubit parameters for a qubit in a quantum computing system. The method includes obtaining, by the one or more computing devices, calibration data associated with at least one qubit parameter in the set of one or more qubit parameters. The method includes determining, by the one or more computing devices, a value for the at least one qubit parameter based at least in part on the calibration data using a de-corrupting autoencoder.

Abstract: A quantum computing system configured for removal of leakage states can include quantum hardware including a first qubit and a second qubit, wherein the first qubit is configured to have a first transition frequency and wherein the second qubit is configured to have a second transition frequency, the first transition frequency being greater than the second transition frequency. The quantum computing system can include one or more quantum control devices configured to control operation of at least the first qubit and the second qubit, wherein the one or more quantum control devices are configured to implement a quantum gate operation on the first qubit and the second qubit based at least in part on the first transition frequency and the second transition frequency, and wherein the one or more quantum control devices are configured to periodically reset a quantum state of the first qubit.

Abstract: Multifunctional nanocomposites are provided including a core of either a magnetic material or an inorganic semiconductor, and, a shell of either a magnetic material or an inorganic semiconductor, wherein the core and the shell are of differing materials, such multifunctional nanocomposites having multifunctional properties including magnetic properties from the magnetic material and optical properties from the inorganic semiconductor material. Various applications of such multifunctional nanocomposites are also provided.

Abstract: Photocatalytic materials based on coupling of semiconductor nanocrystalline quantum dots (NQD) and molecular catalysts. These materials have capability to drive or catalyze non-spontaneous chemical reactions in the presence of visible radiation, ultraviolet radiation, or both. The NQD functions in these materials as a light absorber and charge generator. Following light absorption, the NQD activates a molecular catalyst adsorbed on the surface of the NQD via transfer of one or more charges (either electrons or electron-holes) from the NQD to the molecular catalyst. The activated molecular catalyst can then drive a chemical reaction. A photoelectrolytic device that includes such photocatalytic materials is also described.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to solid composites including colloidal nanocrystals within a sol-gel host or matrix and to processes of forming such solid composites.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to processes and devices for carrier multiplication using nanosized quantum confined semiconductor materials such as semiconductor nanocrystals.

Abstract: A structure including a grating and a semiconductor nanocrystal layer on the grating, can be a laser. The semiconductor nanocrystal layer can include a plurality of semiconductor nanocrystals including a Group II-VI compound, the nanocrystals being distributed in a metal oxide matrix. The grating can have a periodicity from 200 nm to 500 nm.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to composite photonic crystal materials of a photonic crystal structure having voids throughout, where the photonic crystal structure includes a colloidal nanocrystal-doped composite infiltrated within the voids, the colloidal nanocrystal-doped composite including a sol-gel or polymeric host/matrix material.

Abstract: Multifunctional nanocomposites are provided including a core of either a magnetic material or an inorganic semiconductor, and, a shell of either a magnetic material or an inorganic semiconductor, wherein the core and the shell are of differing materials, such multifunctional nanocomposites having multifunctional properties including magnetic properties from the magnetic material and optical properties from the inorganic semiconductor material. Various applications of such multifunctional nanocomposites are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to photostable sunscreen and/or artificial tanning compositions including quantum dot nanocrystals of a material selected from semiconductor nanocrystals, modified semiconductor nanocrystals, multicomponent semiconductor/semiconductor nanocrystals, and hybrid semiconductor/metal nanocrystals, the quantum dot nanocrystals having an absorption band gap occurring at wavelengths higher than 400 nm whereby the quantum dot nanocrystals have substantial broadband absorption properties of ultraviolet light at wavelengths across the range of both UV-A (320-400 nm) and UV-B (280-320 nm), and a dermatologically acceptable carrier for the quantum dot nanocrystals.

Abstract: A light emitting device is disclosed including a primary light source having a defined emission photon energy output, and, a light emitting material situated near to said primary light source, said light emitting material having an absorption onset equal to or less in photon energy than the emission photon energy output of the primary light source whereby non-radiative energy transfer from said primary light source to said light emitting material can occur yielding light emission from said light emitting material.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to light emitting devices including a first layer of a semiconductor material from the group of a p-type semiconductor and a n-type semiconductor, a layer of colloidal nanocrystals on the first layer of a semiconductor material, and, a second layer of a semiconductor material from the group of a p-type semiconductor and a n-type semiconductor on the layer of colloidal nanocrystals.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for preparing a solid composite having colloidal nanocrystals dispersed within a sol-gel matrix, the process including admixing colloidal nanocrystals with an amphiphilic polymer including hydrophilic groups selected from the group consisting of —COOH, —OH, —SO3H, —NH2, and —PO3H2 within a solvent to form an alcohol-soluble colloidal nanocrystal-polymer complex, admixing the alcohol-soluble colloidal nanocrystal-polymer complex and a sol-gel precursor material, and, forming the solid composite from the admixture. The present invention is also directed to the resultant solid composites and to the alcohol-soluble colloidal nanocrystal-polymer complexes.