Abstract: Methods of enabling locomotor control, postural control, voluntary control of body movements (e.g., in non-weight bearing conditions), and/or autonomic functions in a human subject having a spinal cord injury, a brain injury, or a neurological neuromotor disease are described.

Abstract: A neuromodulation system, device, and method are disclosed. In an embodiment, a neuromodulation system includes a processor, a signal generator, a first electrode, and a second electrode. The processor in cooperation with the signal generator, the first electrode, and the second electrode are configured to deliver a transcutaneous stimulation to a mammal. The transcutaneous stimulation is configured by the processor for inducing voluntary movement in the mammal. The first electrode is positioned transcutaneously on a spinal cord and/or spinal cord dorsal roots of the mammal. Additionally, the second electrode is placed transcutaneously on or over at least one of the spinal cord and/or the spinal cord dorsal roots, a muscle, a nerve, or on or near a target end organ or bodily structure of the mammal. The second electrode is in communication with the first electrode through a hardwire or wireless connection.

Abstract: A neuromodulation system, device, and method are disclosed. In an embodiment, a neuromodulation system includes a processor, a signal generator, a first electrode, and a second electrode. The processor in cooperation with the signal generator, the first electrode, and the second electrode are configured to deliver a transcutaneous stimulation to a mammal. The transcutaneous stimulation is configured by the processor for inducing voluntary movement in the mammal. The first electrode is positioned transcutaneously on a spinal cord and/or spinal cord dorsal roots of the mammal. Additionally, the second electrode is placed transcutaneously on or over at least one of the spinal cord and/or the spinal cord dorsal roots, a muscle, a nerve, or on or near a target end organ or bodily structure of the mammal. The second electrode is in communication with the first electrode through a hardwire or wireless connection.

Abstract: A neuromodulation system and a method of inducing voluntary movement in a mammal with a spinal injury are disclosed. In an example, a neuromodulation system includes a processor, a signal generator, and at least one electrode. The processor, in cooperation with the signal generator and the at least one electrode are configured to deliver a transcutaneous stimulation to a mammal. The transcutaneous stimulation includes during a first time period, a transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation (“tESCS”) applied to the mammal during physical conditioning of the mammal. The transcutaneous stimulation also includes during a second time period after the first time period, the tESCS applied to the mammal during reduced or no physical conditioning of the mammal. The tESCS applied during the first time period and the second time period is used to establish a functional baseline of the mammal.

Abstract: In various embodiments, non-invasive methods to induce motor control in a mammal subject to spinal cord or other neurological injuries are provided. In some embodiments the methods involve administering transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) to the mammal at a frequency and intensity that induces locomotor activity.

Abstract: In various embodiments, non-invasive methods to induce motor control in a mammal subject to spinal cord or other neurological injuries are provided. In some embodiments the methods involve administering transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) to the mammal at a frequency and intensity that induces locomotor activity.

Abstract: In various embodiments electrical stimulators are provided for transcutaneous and/or epidural stimulation. In certain embodiments the stimulator provides one or more channels configured to provide one or more of the following stimulation patterns: i) monophasic electrical stimulation with a DC offset; ii) monophasic electrical stimulation with charge balance; iii) delayed biphasic electrical stimulation with a DC offset; iv) delayed biphasic electrical stimulation with charge balance; v) amplitude modulated dynamic stimulation; and/or vi) frequency modulated dynamic stimulation.

Abstract: In various embodiments a method of synergistically using a neuromodulation stimulator and a robotic exoskeleton for the restoration of voluntary movement and greater muscle activation in chronically paralyzed subjects is provided. The noninvasive neuromodulation system delivers signals to facilitate the restoration and/or enhancement of neurological function where at least one effect is strengthened stepping capacity that can be further substantiated when coupled with robotic exoskeleton assistance.

Abstract: Methods of enabling locomotor control, postural control, voluntary control of body movements (e.g., in non-weight bearing conditions), and/or autonomic functions in a human subject having a spinal cord injury, a brain injury, or a neurological neuromotor disease are described.

Abstract: A neuromodulation system, device, and method are disclosed. In an embodiment, a neuromodulation method includes providing a neuromodulation system including a processor, a signal generator communicatively coupled to the processor, and at least one transcutaneous electrode communicatively coupled to the signal generator. The method also includes causing the at least one transcutaneous electrode to be applied a human patient having at least one dysfunctional spinal circuit. The method further includes facilitating transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the patient's spinal cord via the processor in cooperation with the signal generator causing activation of at least one spinal network (“SN”) to enable or improve voluntary movements of the patient's arms, trunk, and legs, or autonomic control of at least one of sexual activity, vasomotor activity, speech, swallowing, chewing, cardiovascular function, respiratory activity, body temperature, metabolic processes, or cognitive function.

Abstract: Methods comprising applying electrical stimulation to patients in conjunction with physical training are described.

Abstract: In one example embodiment, a neuromodulation system for inducing locomotor activity in a mammal, in cooperation with a signal generator and an electrode, delivers a signal with an overlapping high frequency pulse to a mammal.

Abstract: A neuromodulation system and a method of inducing voluntary movement in a mammal with a spinal injury are disclosed. In an example, a neuromodulation system includes a processor, a signal generator, and at least one electrode. The processor, in cooperation with the signal generator and the at least one electrode are configured to deliver a transcutaneous stimulation to a mammal. The transcutaneous stimulation includes during a first time period, a transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation (“tESCS”) applied to the mammal during physical conditioning of the mammal. The transcutaneous stimulation also includes during a second time period after the first time period, the tESCS applied to the mammal during reduced or no physical conditioning of the mammal. The tESCS applied during the first time period and the second time period is used to establish a functional baseline of the mammal.

Abstract: Neuromodulation systems are described comprising a signal generator and at least one electrode. The at least one electrode can be configured to deliver a stimulation to a mammal, wherein the stimulation includes a biphasic signal and an overlapping high frequency pulse thereby inducing voluntary movement in the individual. Methods of administering the stimulation are also described.

Abstract: In certain embodiments an electrode array for epidural stimulation of the spinal cord is provided where the array comprises a plurality of electrodes disposed on a flexible polymer substrate; said electrodes being electrically connected to one or more lead wires and/or connection points on an electrical connector; where the electrodes of said array are bonded to said polymer so that the electrodes can carry an electrical stimulation signal having a voltage, frequency, and current sufficient to provide epidural stimulation of a spinal cord and/or brain in vivo or in a physiological saline solution, without separation of all or a part of an electrode from the polymer substrate.

Abstract: In various embodiments methods and devices are provided for regulating bladder function in a subject after a spinal cord and/or brain injury. In certain embodiments the methods comprise applying a pattern of electrical stimulation to the Lumbosacral spinal cord at a frequency and intensity sufficient to initiate micturition and/or to improve the amount of bladder emptying. In certain embodiments the electrical stimulation is at a frequency and intensity sufficient to improve the amount of bladder emptying (e.g., to provide at least 30% emptying or at least 40% emptying, or at least 50% emptying, or at least 60% emptying, or at least 70% emptying, or at least 80% emptying, or at least 90% emptying, or at least 95% emptying.

Abstract: Neurostimulator devices are described. An example neurostimulator device includes a stimulation assembly connectable to a plurality of electrodes, wherein the plurality of electrodes are configured to stimulate a spinal cord. The neurostimulator device also includes an interface and at least one processor configured to modify at least one complex stimulation pattern deliverable by the plurality of electrodes by integrating data from the interface and performing a machine learning algorithm on the at least one complex stimulation pattern.

Abstract: In one example embodiment, a neuromodulation system for inducing locomotor activity in a mammal, in cooperation with a signal generator and an electrode, delivers a signal with an overlapping high frequency pulse to a mammal.

Abstract: Neuromodulation systems are described comprising a signal generator and at least one electrode. The at least one electrode can be configured to deliver a stimulation to a mammal, wherein the stimulation includes a biphasic signal and an overlapping high frequency pulse thereby inducing voluntary movement in the individual. Methods of administering the stimulation are also described.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a transcutaneous needle electrode and uses thereof are provided. In certain embodiments the needle electrodes comprise a plurality of electrically conductive needles, where the needles are solid, or where the needles are hollow and have a closed tip, where the needles have an average tip diameter less than about 10 ?m and an average length greater than about 20-50 ?m wherein the electrically conductive needles are electrically coupled to one or more electrical leads.