Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, methods, and computer-readable media are provided for framework of layer 1 signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (L1-SINR) measurement and reporting based on channel measurement and interference measurement. The channel measurement is performed on a first set of reference signal (RS) resources, and the interference measurement is performed on a second set of RS resources. Each of the second set of RS resources is mapped to each of the first set of RS resources. The L1-SINR is determined from a first RS resource of the first set of RS resources and a second RS resource of the send set of RS resources, where the first RS resource is mapped to the second RS resource. A message including the L1-SINR is generated and transmitted to the access node.

Abstract: A system and method for managing voice communications routes a first telephone call from a remote source to a remote destination using a second telephone call. The first telephone call is made through a first network, which may be one of a circuit switching network and a packet switching network, while the second telephone call is made through a second network, which is one of the circuit and packet switching network that differs from the first network. The second telephone call is initiated in response to the first telephone call. The first and second telephone calls are then interconnected to connect the remote source to the remote destination.