Abstract: A process for the removal of divalent cations, such as calcium and magnesium, from a saline aqueous solution such as a natural brine comprising lithium, using an electrolytic cell comprising at least one anion exchange membrane. The process allows removal of undesired components before lithium recovery, by reducing their concentrations to less than 0.1% of their original concentration in the brine while the lithium concentration remains unchanged.

Abstract: A porous electrochemical electrode is made up of a solid cellular material provided in the form of a semi-graphitized carbon monolith comprising a hierarchized porous network free of mesopores and including macropores with a mean dimension dA of 1 ?m to 100 ?m, and micropores with a mean dimension dI of 0.5 nm to 2 nm, said macropores and micropores being interconnected. In said electrode, the macropores contain at least one electroactive species in direct contact with the semi-graphitized carbon that makes up the surface of the macropores. The invention also relates to a method for preparing such an electrode as well as to the use thereof as a biosensor or for manufacturing a biopile.

Abstract: A porous electrochemical electrode is made up of a solid cellular material provided in the form of a semi-graphitised carbon monolith comprising a hierarchised porous network free of mesopores and including macropores with a mean dimension dA of 1 ?m to 100 ?m, and micropores with a mean dimension dI of 0.5 nm to 2 nm, said macropores and micropores being interconnected. In said electrode, the macropores contain at least one electroactive species in direct contact with the semi-graphitised carbon that makes up the surface of the macropores. The invention also relates to a method for preparing such an electrode as well as to the use thereof as a biosensor or for manufacturing a biopile.