Abstract: Provided herein is a method of characterising a target polynucleotide as it moves with respect to a nanopore using a motor protein. Also provided are polynucleotide adapters and kits comprising such adapters. The methods, kits and adapters find use in characterising polynucleotides, for example in sequencing.

Abstract: The UNIVERSAL ELECTRONIC PAYMENT APPARATUSES, METHODS AND SYSTEMS (“UEP”) transform touchscreen inputs into a virtual wallet mobile application interface via UEP components into purchase transaction triggers and receipt notices. In one implementation the UEP provides, via a user device, a product information search request; and obtains, in response to the product information search request, information on a first product for sale by a first merchant and a second product for sale by a second merchant. The UEP generates a single purchase transaction request, using the information on the first product for sale by the first merchant and the second product for sale by the second merchant. The UEP provides, via the user device, the single purchase transaction request for payment processing. Also, the UEP obtains an electronic purchase receipt for the first product for sale by the first merchant and the second product for sale by the second merchant.

Abstract: The UNIVERSAL ELECTRONIC PAYMENT APPARATUSES, METHODS AND SYSTEMS (“UEP”) transform touchscreen inputs into a virtual wallet mobile application interface via UEP components into purchase transaction triggers and receipt notices. In one implementation the UEP provides, via a user device, a product information search request; and obtains, in response to the product information search request, information on a first product for sale by a first merchant and a second product for sale by a second merchant. The UEP generates a single purchase transaction request, using the information on the first product for sale by the first merchant and the second product for sale by the second merchant. The UEP provides, via the user device, the single purchase transaction request for payment processing. Also, the UEP obtains an electronic purchase receipt for the first product for sale by the first merchant and the second product for sale by the second merchant.

Abstract: The UNIVERSAL ELECTRONIC PAYMENT APPARATUS, METHODS AND SYSTEMS (“UEP”) transform touchscreen inputs into a virtual wallet mobile application interface via UEP components into purchase transaction triggers and receipt notices. In one implementation the UEP provides, via a user device, a product information search request; and obtains, in response to the product information search request, information on a first product for sale by a first merchant and a second product for sale by a second merchant. The UEP generates a single purchase transaction request, using the information on the first product for sale by the first merchant and the second product for sale by the second merchant. The UEP provides, via the user device, the single purchase transaction request for payment processing. Also, the UEP obtains an electronic purchase receipt for the first product for sale by the first merchant and the second product for sale by the second merchant.

Abstract: The UNIVERSAL VALUE EXCHANGE MULTIPOINT TRANSACTIONS APPARATUSES, METHODS AND SYSTEMS (“UVEMT”) transform cross-ecosystem currency exchange instructions via UVEMT components into cross-ecosystem currency exchanges. In one embodiment, the UVEMT may obtain a cross-ecosystem currency exchange instruction and determine one or more sources and destinations based on parsing the cross-ecosystem currency exchange instruction. The UVEMT may identify currency types associated with the sources and the destinations and determine exchange rates of the currency types relative to a standard currency. In one implementation, the UVEMT may obtain currency exchange restrictions and conditions associated with the sources and the destinations and generate a currency exchange flow path for currency transfer from the sources to the destinations.

Abstract: The UNIVERSAL ELECTRONIC PAYMENT APPARATUS, METHODS AND SYSTEMS (“UEP”) transform touchscreen inputs into a virtual wallet mobile application interface via UEP components into purchase transaction triggers and receipt notices. In one implementation the UEP provides, via a user device, a product information search request; and obtains, in response to the product information search request, information on a first product for sale by a first merchant and a second product for sale by a second merchant. The UEP generates a single purchase transaction request, using the information on the first product for sale by the first merchant and the second product for sale by the second merchant. The UEP provides, via the user device, the single purchase transaction request for payment processing. Also, the UEP obtains an electronic purchase receipt for the first product for sale by the first merchant and the second product for sale by the second merchant.

Abstract: The UNIVERSAL VALUE EXCHANGE APPARATUSES, METHODS AND SYSTEMS (“UVE”) transform cross-ecosystem currency exchange instructions via UVE components into cross-ecosystem currency exchanges. In one embodiment, the UVE may obtain a cross-ecosystem currency exchange instruction and determine one or more sources and destinations based on parsing the cross-ecosystem currency exchange instruction. The UVE may identify currency types associated with the sources and the destinations and determine exchange rates of the currency types relative to a standard currency. In one implementation, the UVE may obtain currency exchange restrictions and conditions associated with the sources and the destinations and generate a currency exchange flow path for currency transfer from the sources to the destinations.