Abstract: A fabrication process for an STT MTJ MRAM device includes steps of cooling the device at individual or at multiple stages in its fabrication. The cooling process, which may be equally well applied during the fabrication of other multi-layered devices, is demonstrated to produce an operational device that is more resistant to adverse thermal effects during operation that would normally cause a similar device not so fabricated to lose stored data and otherwise fail to operate properly.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to surgical systems and methods. More specifically, the invention relates to a surgical system and related methods for use in training in order to assist with the development and refinement of surgical skills. In particular, the invention relates to providing a microsurgical training system with interchangeable training modules for strengthening specific surgical skills, such as for improving dexterity while working under a microscope using surgical tools, and for learning and practicing surgical skills, such as developing skills for repairing blood vessels by improving suturing time and quality of suturing.