Abstract: A system includes a sensor, a plurality of cells, and a processor. The sensor includes a plurality of transducers arranged on a planar surface and includes a first transducer and a second transducer. The first transducer is configured to produce an analog output signal corresponding to a detected input signal. The cells are arranged in a network and include a first and a second cell and are disposed proximate the sensor in a three-dimensional stacking fashion. The first transducer and the second transducer are electrically coupled to the first cell and the second cell in one-to-one relation. The first cell includes a plurality of inputs and a first cell output. Each input is coupled to an output of a corresponding plurality of neighboring cells. The first cell includes a first memristor and a bridge circuit configured to receive the analog output signal and provide a current corresponding to the detected input signal in a pixel-parallel fashion.