Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) includes an ionically-conductive proton exchange membrane. Further, the MEA includes an anode contacting a first side of the membrane. The anode includes an anode gas diffusion layer (GDL). Further, the anode includes a first anode catalyst layer containing first catalyst particles, a hydrophobic polymer bonding agent, and a first ionomer bonding agent that lacks functional chains on a molecular backbone. The anode also includes a second anode catalyst layer containing second catalyst particles and a second ionomer bonding agent that includes functional chains on a molecular backbone. The MEA also includes a cathode contacting a second side of the membrane and comprising third catalyst particles and a cathode GDL.

Abstract: There is provided improved management of a communications network including a plurality of sub-systems for providing services to subscribers. Data is received from a plurality of source systems in a communications network, said source systems encoding data according to different data models. Rules of processing the data received data from each of the source systems are defined. At least one customer experience event of the communications network is generated on the basis of the rules.

Abstract: There is provided improved management of a communications network including a plurality of sub-systems for providing services to subscribers. Data is received from a plurality of source systems in a communications network, said source systems encoding data according to different data models. Rules of processing the data received data from each of the source systems are defined. At least one customer experience event of the communications network is generated on the basis of the rules.