Abstract: An apparatus for controlling precursor flow. The apparatus may include a processor; and a memory unit coupled to the processor, including a flux control routine. The flux control routine may be operative on the processor to monitor the precursor flow and may include a flux calculation processor to determine a precursor flux value based upon a change in detected signal intensity received from a cell of a gas delivery system to deliver a precursor.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling precursor flow. The apparatus may include a processor; and a memory unit coupled to the processor, including a flux control routine. The flux control routine may be operative on the processor to monitor the precursor flow and may include a flux calculation processor to determine a precursor flux value based upon a change in detected signal intensity received from a cell of a gas delivery system to deliver a precursor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for conditional transaction pre-approval is disclosed. In one embodiment, a computer system receives a transaction request, the computer being configured to perform a verification process to authorize transactions. The computer system may initiate, prior to completion of the verification process for a transaction, a prediction process using a model, to predict whether the transaction will pass the verification process. In response to determining that the transaction is predicted to pass, the transaction is pre-approved by the computer system, prior to completing the verification process. Subsequent to pre-approving, the verification process may be completed to determine if the prediction was correct. Based on the result of the verification process, the model is updated for future transaction requests.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for conditional transaction pre-approval is disclosed. In one embodiment, a computer system receives a transaction request, the computer being configured to perform a verification process to authorize transactions. The computer system may initiate, prior to completion of the verification process for a transaction, a prediction process using a model, to predict whether the transaction will pass the verification process. In response to determining that the transaction is predicted to pass, the transaction is pre-approved by the computer system, prior to completing the verification process. Subsequent to pre-approving, the verification process may be completed to determine if the prediction was correct. Based on the result of the verification process, the model is updated for future transaction requests.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling precursor flow. The apparatus may include a processor; and a memory unit coupled to the processor, including a flux control routine. The flux control routine may be operative on the processor to monitor the precursor flow and may include a flux calculation processor to determine a precursor flux value based upon a change in detected signal intensity received from a cell of a gas delivery system to deliver a precursor.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling precursor flow. The apparatus may include a processor; and a memory unit coupled to the processor, including a flux control routine. The flux control routine may be operative on the processor to monitor the precursor flow and may include a flux calculation processor to determine a precursor flux value based upon a change in detected signal intensity received from a cell of a gas delivery system to deliver a precursor.

Abstract: An apparatus for the detecting the amount of material remaining in a container is disclosed. This apparatus may be beneficial when used with a semiconductor processing device, especially when the material is in the solid phase. The apparatus measures the impedance between an electrode disposed in the container, and the outside of the container to make a determination regarding how full the container may be. In certain embodiments, only the magnitude of the impedance is used for this calculation. In other embodiments, the magnitude and phase of the impedance are used. This may be used to determine the topology of the material within the container.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling precursor flow. The apparatus may include a processor; and a memory unit coupled to the processor, including a flux control routine. The flux control routine may be operative on the processor to monitor the precursor flow and may include a flux calculation processor to determine a precursor flux value based upon a change in detected signal intensity received from a cell of a gas delivery system to deliver a precursor.

Abstract: An apparatus for the detecting the amount of material remaining in a container is disclosed. This apparatus may be beneficial when used with a semiconductor processing device, especially when the material is in the solid phase. The apparatus measures the impedance between an electrode disposed in the container, and the outside of the container to make a determination regarding how full the container may be. In certain embodiments, only the magnitude of the impedance is used for this calculation. In other embodiments, the magnitude and phase of the impedance are used. This may be used to determine the topology of the material within the container.

Abstract: A service facilitates purchases of digital goods in which the purchaser may receive the purchased goods or send them on to another person, e.g., as a gift or as a purchase made on another's behalf. The service may be needed in a situation where a buyer has made on online purchase of an item of digital goods but then finds that it is difficult to share or transfer the purchased goods due to copyright protection or digital rights management (DRM) protection. Using the service a purchaser may send digital goods after payment to the seller via the service in such a way that copyright protection and other digital goods rights are maintained. Embodiments include: communicating with a buyer and a seller as an intermediary; making payment via the intermediary for an item of digital goods; and making a delivery for the item via the intermediary for disposal by the buyer.