Abstract: Methods of increasing microvascular blood flow in the muscle of a human subject comprise orally administering about 100 to about 800 mg cocoa flavanols per day in a nutritional composition comprising at least one source of protein, to a subject in need of increased microvascular blood flow in the muscle.

Abstract: A method of promoting healthy catch-up growth in a moderately malnourished individual is provided. The method includes administering to the moderately malnourished individual a nutritional composition that contains a carbohydrate blend, wherein the carbohydrate blend comprises a source of at least one carbohydrate that provides rapidly available glucose, a source of at least one carbohydrate that provides slowly available glucose, and a source of at least one non-digestible carbohydrate or resistant starch.

Abstract: Disclosed are nutritional compositions, and methods of using and making the nutritional compositions, that include calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate and protein. The calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate is in sequestered or ion-exchanged form to reduce the interaction of the calcium with the protein in the nutritional composition and improve the overall stability of the nutritional composition.

Abstract: Disclosed are nutritional compositions, and methods of using and making the nutritional compositions, that include calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate and protein. The calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate is in sequestered or ion-exchanged form to reduce the interaction of the calcium with the protein in the nutritional composition and improve the overall stability of the nutritional composition.

Abstract: Disclosed are nutritional compositions comprising a soluble viscous fiber and a polyphenol-containing plant extract. The viscosity of the nutritional compositions may be adjusted and controlled without varying the concentration of the soluble viscous fiber in the composition by including the polyphenol-containing plant extract.

Abstract: Disclosed are nutritional aqueous emulsions having high fiber content. An aqueous emulsion comprising fat, protein, and carbohydrate, which includes from about 0.5% to about 9.0% by weight of a milk protein concentrate; from about 2.0% to about 6.0% by weight of glycerin, from about 2.3% to about 9.0% by weight of a fiber, and fructose and at least about 0.15% by weight of leucrose in a weight ratio of fructose to leucrose of at least 2:1, wherein the aqueous emulsion has a viscosity of less than about 300 centipoise at 20° C. These high fiber emulsions are stable and deliver desirable hedonics, rheologies, blunted glycemic profiles, and gastrointestinal tolerance. These high fiber emulsions provide beneficial features, including one or more of stability, desirable hedonics, rheology, and product performance, including a blunted glycemic response profile and or minimal or no gastrointestinal intolerance.

Abstract: Disclosed are nutritional aqueous emulsions having high fiber content. These emulsions comprise fat, protein, and carbohydrate, which includes from 1.75% to about 4.0% by weight of diacylglycerol oil and from about 1.5% to about 9.0% by weight of fiber. These emulsions may also comprise fat, protein, and carbohydrate, which includes from 1% to about 4.0% of diacylglycerol oil by weight of the aqueous emulsion and from about 2.0% to about 9.0% of fiber by weight of the aqueous emulsion, wherein the aqueous emulsion has a viscosity of less than about 300 centipoise at 20° C. These high fiber emulsions provide beneficial features, including one or more of stability, desirable hedonics, rheology, and product performance, including a blunted glycemic response profile and or minimal or no gastrointestinal intolerance.

Abstract: Disclosed are nutritional aqueous emulsions having high fiber content. These emulsions comprise fat, protein, and carbohydrate, including (a) from 1.75% to about 4.0% by weight of a diacylglycerol oil; (b) from about 0.5% to about 9.0% by weight of a milk protein concentrate; (c) from about 2.0% to about 9.0% by weight of fiber; and (d) fructose and from about 0.15% by weight of leucrose in a weight ratio of fructose to leucrose of at least 2:1, wherein the aqueous emulsion has a viscosity of less than about 300 centipoise at 20° C. These high fiber emulsions provide beneficial features, including one or more of stability, desirable hedonics, rheology, and product performance, including a blunted glycemic response profile and or minimal or no gastrointestinal intolerance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lipid system, and methods for using such a lipid system, containing specific relative ratios of omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 fatty acids. The lipid system may be used independently or as a component of a nutritional product. A lipid system according to the present invention may contain omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, and omega-9 fatty acids with the ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids preferably being between 0.25:1 and 3:1, and the ratio of omega-9 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids preferably being between 0.4:1 and 3:1. The present invention also relates to methods for administering a lipid system or a nutritional product containing the lipid system to an individual.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lipid system, and methods for using such a lipid system, containing specific relative ratios of omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 fatty acids. The lipid system may be used independently or as a component of a nutritional product. A lipid system according to the present invention may contain omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, and omega-9 fatty acids with the ratio of omegas-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids preferably being between 0.25:1 and 3:1, and the ratio of omega-9 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids preferably being between 0.4:1 and 3:1. The present invention also relates to methods for administering a lipid system or a nutritional product containing the lipid system to an individual.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lipid system, and methods for using such a lipid system, containing specific relative ratios of omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 fatty acids. The lipid system may be used independently or as a component of a nutritional product. A lipid system according to the present invention may contain omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, and omega-9 fatty acids with the ratio of omegas-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids preferably being between 0.25:1 and 3:1, and the ratio of omega-9 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids preferably being between 0.4:1 and 3:1. The present invention also relates to methods for administering a lipid system or a nutritional product containing the lipid system to an individual.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lipid system, and methods for using such a lipid system, containing specific relative ratios of omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 fatty acids. The lipid system may be used independently or as a component of a nutritional product. A lipid system according to the present invention may contain omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, and omega-9 fatty acids with the ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids preferably being between 0.25:1 and 3:1, and the ratio of omega-9 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids preferably being between 0.4:1 and 3:1. The present invention also relates to methods for administering a lipid system or a nutritional product containing the lipid system to an individual.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions and methods for nutritional management of hepatic (liver) failure. In particular the invention is directed to a nutritionally complete formulation suitable for use as a supplement or total enteral feeding. The composition is specifically tailored to meet the requirements of hepatic patients in need of nutritional support. The composition comprises an organoleptically acceptable protein system designed to meet the altered metabolic needs of patients suffering from hepatic failure. The invention also relates to administering a nutritional composition comprising effective amounts of the branched-chain amino acids, valine, leucine, isoleucine, or mixtures thereof, and with or without a reduced amount of tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan.