Abstract: A surge diverter connected between a conductor and ground comprising several spark-quenching gaps, voltage-controlled shunting resistors connected in series with these gaps and voltage controlled control-resistors, each connected in parallel either to a gap alone or to a unit formed by a gap and a shunting resistor in series with the latter. The voltage-controlled control-resistors have current-voltage characteristics with substantially the same steepness, while the resistance value of these control-resistors at the rated voltage increases sequentially from the conductor to grand.

Abstract: A puffer-type interrupter for a circuit breaker has a stationary piston received in a movable cylinder which is connected to the movable contact of the interrupter, and which also carries a nozzle for producing a blast of gas through the separating contacts of the interrupter when the cylinder is moved over the piston. An auxiliary piston is slidably mounted relative to the main piston, and mechanism is provided to connect the two pistons together when the interrupter contacts are closed, and to connect the auxiliary piston to the movable cylinder after the contacts have separated.

Abstract: A gas-blast switch possessing a fixed contact and a movable contact and a blast or discharge nozzle surrounding one of the contacts, the blast nozzle having its inlet connected with the outlet of a pump compartment for an extinguishing gas, this pump compartment can be pressurized by the switch cut-off or switching-off movement, and wherein the narrowest location or throat of the blast nozzle is arranged in the direction of blowing downstream with respect to the aforementioned one contact. The outlet of the pump compartment can be closed by a check or nonreturn valve which closes in the direction of the pump compartment. The inlet of the blast nozzle is connected via a gas chamber with the outlet of the pump compartment, the outlet of the gas chamber confronting the blast nozzle can be closed by means of a further check or nonreturn valve which closes in the direction of the gas chamber.