Abstract: Methods of treating mitochondrial disorders that are not respiratory chain disorders using compositions comprising EPO mimetic compounds or compounds capable of increasing endogenous EPO levels or stimulating erythropoiesis are disclosed. Methods of treating Friedreich's ataxia, Leigh's syndrome, or other disorders by increasing the expression of frataxin with an EPO mimetic compound or a compound capable of increasing endogenous EPO levels or stimulating erythropoiesis are also disclosed.

Abstract: A peptide identified from the annexin V protein sequence and having the ability to modulate the activity of delta protein kinase C (PKC) is described. The peptide and variants thereof bind to delta PKC and are effective to regulate delta PKC mediated cellular responses. In particular the annexin V peptide is able to inhibit protein-protein interaction with delta PKC, blocking intracellular translocation of delta PKC. Inhibition of delta PKC translocation confers protection to tissue at risk of exposure to ischemia or hypoxia or to reperfusion injury.

Abstract: Peptides found within an annexin protein can be used to modulate the activity of a protein kinase C are described. More particularly, peptides within annexin I, V, and VI, as well as variants and conservatively modified variants thereof, are described, and use of these peptides to regulate cellular responses mediated by ?-protein kinase C, ?-protein kinase C, and ?-protein kinase C, respectively, are described.