Abstract: An electric motor for operation at very high speeds comprises a ferromagnetic stator (11), a ferromagnetic rotor (13) having a rotor core (16) with a plurality of reluctance poles (17) spaced from the stator by an air gap (G), and a rotor shaft (14) supporting the rotor core for rotation in the stator, and a winding (12) on the stator for producing a multipolar magnetic field continuously travelling along the air gap and linking the stator with the reluctance poles of the rotor. At least a part of the outer portion of each reluctance pole (17) of the rotor core (16) forms a saturable surface layer having a saturation flux density which is lower than the flux density in the air gap (G) that saturates the teeth (11A) of the stator (11). The rotor core (16), including the reluctance poles (17), and the rotor shaft (14) are formed from a single solid piece of ferromagnetic material.

Abstract: An electric motor for operation at very high speeds comprises a ferromagnetic stator (11), a ferromagnetic rotor (13) having a rotor core (16) with a plurality of reluctance poles (17) spaced from the stator by an air gap (G), and a rotor shaft (14) supporting the rotor core for rotation in the stator, and a winding (12) on the stator for producing a multipolar magnetic field continuously travelling along the air gap and linking the stator with the reluctance poles of the rotor. At least a part of the outer portion of each reluctance pole (17) of the rotor core (16) forms a saturable surface layer having a saturation flux density which is lower than the flux density in the air gap (G) that saturates the teeth (11A) of the stator (11). The rotor core (16), including the reluctance poles (17), and the rotor shaft (14) are formed from a single solid piece of ferromagnetic material.

Abstract: A control method and a switching circuit for braking an electronically commutated electrical motor, wherein operation is in a phase period (T) of an inverter relative to at lest one winding, sequentially, both in a motoring mode and a generating operating mode using various cycles (t1-t2, t3-t4) beginning with zero, such that the driving and braking torques associated with the cycles (t1-t2, t3-t4) produce a resultant braking moment averaged over the phase period (T).

Abstract: A control method and a switching circuit for braking an electronically commutated electrical motor, wherein operation is in a phase period (T) of an inverter relative to at lest one winding, sequentially, both in a motoring mode and a generating operating mode using various cycles (t1-t2, t3-t4) beginning with zero, such that the driving and braking torques associated with the cycles (t1-t2, t3-t4) produce a resultant braking moment averaged over the phase period (T).

Abstract: A self-starting brushless electric motor having a first motor (stator) with poles arranged in a row, said poles constituting ferromagnetic poles or permanent-magnet poles, a second motor part (rotor) with poles arranged in a row, said poles consisting of ferromagnetic poles or permanent-magnet poles and being arranged opposite the row of poles on the first motor part, wherein the motor part with salient ferromagnetic poles or, if both motor parts have salient ferromagnetic poles, at least one of the motor parts has a permanent-magnet pole, and also a magnetizing winding on the first motor part. The system of poles formed by the pole rows is magnetically asymmetrical in the direction in which the motor parts are movable in relation to each other.

Abstract: A self-starting brushless electric motor having a first motor (stator) with poles arranged in a row, said poles constituting ferromagnetic poles or permanent-magnet poles, a second motor part (rotor) with poles arranged in a row, said poles consisting of ferromagnetic poles or permanent-magnet poles and being arranged opposite the row of poles on the first motor part, wherein the motor part with salient ferromagnetic poles or, if both motor parts have salient ferromagnetic poles, at least one of the motor parts has a permanent-magnet pole, and also a magnetizing winding on the first motor part. The system of poles formed by the pole rows is magnetically asymmetrical in the direction in which the motor parts are movable in relation to each other.

Abstract: A self-starting brushless electric motor having a first motor part (stator) (11) with poles arranged in a row, the poles constituting ferromagnetic poles (13S) or permanent-magnet poles (14A), a second motor part (rotor) (12) with poles arranged in a row, the poles having ferromagnetic poles (16A) or permanent-magnet poles and being arranged opposite the row of poles on the first motor part (11), wherein the motor part with salient ferromagnetic poles or, if both motor parts have salient ferromagnetic poles, at least one of the motor parts has a permanent-magnet pole, and also a magnetizing winding on the first motor part. The system of poles formed by the pole rows is magnetically asymmetrical in the direction in which the motor parts (11, 12) are movable in relation to each other.

Abstract: A frame conveyed across the network is divided into a plurality of segments with an identical number of bits. All of the bits of a segment are received simultaneously, with each segment of the frame being received sequentially. Very often, the number of bits in the entire frame, will not be an integer multiple of the number of bits in the segment. Therefore the bits of the frame can be unevenly divided into the plurality of segments. The present invention detects the number of bits from the frame that are present in each of the segments, or at least the number of bits of the frame present in the last segment. An FCS function is used to create a segment FCS function which operates on all the bits of a segment at one time. The original FCS function is preferably an 8 bit function, which combines a present 8 bit word with the FCS calculated for previous 8 bit word in order to generate a new FCS for the present 8 bit word and all previous 8 bit words.

Abstract: A self-starting brushless electric motor comprises a first motor part (stator) (11) and a second motor part (rotor) (16), each motor part having plurality of pole units (12U, 12V) arranged in a pole row. The motor parts are supported for relative movement with the pole rows confronting one another across an air gap. The poles of each row include first-type poles (13, 19) and/or second-type poles (14), each row having at least one pole type, either a reluctance pole or a permanent-magnet pole magnetized transversely across the air gap, which is included in all pole units of the row. At least one of the pole rows includes such a second-type pole. At least one pole unit of at least one of the pole rows includes a pole which is magnetically asymmetric to establish a preferential direction of rotation of the motor parts (11, 16). A polyphase winding system comprises first-phase and second-phase winding coils (15U, 15V) disposed around the pole units (12A, 12V) of the first motor part (11).

Abstract: An electric machine comprising a ferromagnetic first part (11) having a plurality of teeth (11C) arranged in a row, a ferromagnetic second part (12) having a plurality of poles (16, 17) arranged in a pole row confronting the row of teeth (11C) of the first part (11) and spaced from the row of teeth by an air gap (18), bearing means supporting the first and second parts (11, 12) for relative movement along the air gap (18), and winding means (15) associated with the first part (11) for producing a multipolar magnetic field continuously travelling along the air gap and linking the first and second parts (11, 12) across the air gap (18). The travelling magnetic field has an even number of poles and a pole pitch corresponding to the pole pitch of the second part (12).

Abstract: A two-stage electrostatic filter includes an ionization section which is arranged in an upstream part of a throughflow passage (28) and includes a wire-like corona electrode (31) which is disposed in an ionization chamber (29) and connected to one pole of an electric high voltage source (16). The filter further includes a target electrode (21;37) which is spaced from the corona electrode (31) and connected to another pole of the high voltage source. A capacitator separator (30) is located in a downstream part of the throughflow passage (28) and includes a first and second group of electrode elements (32,33) which are placed side-by-side in spaced-apart relationship. The electrode elements (32) of the first group are placed alternately with the electrode elements (33) of the second group and are adapted to lie on a potential which is different from the potential on which the electrode elements (33) of the second group lie.

Abstract: An air cleaning apparatus, especially for cleaning of room air, includes an ionizing device (14) having a unipolar ion source formed by a corona discharge electrode, an electrostatic precipitator (12) connected to a high-voltage source (15) and having a flow-through passageway (18) for air to be cleaned and two groups of electrode elements (16, 17) disposed in the flow-through passageway, the electrode elements (16) of one group being interleaved with and spaced from the electrode elements (17) of the other group and arranged to be at a potential different from that of the said other group. The corona discharge electrode (21) is arranged such that the ions generated at the electrode can diffuse essentially freely away from the electrode and thereby diffuse substantially freely throughout the room in which the ionizing device (14) is positioned.

Abstract: In an electrostatic precipitator for an electrostatic filter at least one group (11 and/or 12) of electrode or plate elements of like polarity are made of or coated with a semiconducting or dissipative material, and the electrode elements of at least one group (12) include, or are associated with, a screen (16) of an insulating material at the edge thereof which is directed against the stream (A) of air through the precipitator.

Abstract: A rotary electric motor has a stator core (1) with salient poles (4, 3), some of them ferromagnetic and some of them permanent-magnetic, which are spaced-apart and which are all simultaneously magnetizable by means of a magnetizing winding (5A, 5B). The rotor core has either reluctance poles (7) with intervening pole gaps and constant pole pitch, or permanent-magnetic poles (10) with constant pole pitch and without intervening pole gaps, alternating poles being of opposite polarities. Each reluctance pole (7) or permanent-magnetic pole (10) has a width which over a portion of the pole corresponds to respectively one-half of or the full pole pitch and is smaller over the remaining portion so that each pole (7 or 10) has a part (7B or 10A) which projects in a direction common to all poles. The ferromagnetic and permanent-magnetic poles (3, 4) of the stator (1) have a width corresponding to the width of the narrower portion of the poles (7 or 10) of the rotor (2).

Abstract: A corona discharge apparatus includes a corona electrode (K) and a target electrode (M) which is spaced from the corona electrode (K). The electrodes are connected to a d.c. source (2) having a voltage such as to produce a corona discharge on the corona electrode. For the purpose of removing the harmful or irritating gaseous substances generated by the corona discharge, there is provided a suction channel (4), which has an inflow opening or orifice (4a) located in the immediate vicinity of the corona electrode (K). The remainder of the suction channel is delimited in relation to the space (1) housing the corona electrode and the target electrode. Mounted in the suction channel (4) or at a location adjacent the channel opening (4a) is an additional electrode (E), which is connected to an d.c.

Abstract: An electric motor with solely one direction of rotation and electronic speed control, includes two mutually rotatable parts with ferromagnetic cores separated by an air gap. The stator core is provided with a peripherally extending ring of magnet pole groups each including at least one pair of salient magnet poles, the one being ferromagnetic and the other permanently magnetic. All magnet pole groups are connected magnetically to a common magnetizing winding, which magnetizes all magnet pole groups simultaneously in a manner such that the ferromagnetic pole and the permanent pole of each group is magnetized in the same direction. The rotor core is provided with a peripherally extending ring of salient ferromagnetic reluctance poles with twice the pole pitch of the stator.

Abstract: An arrangement for transporting air with the aid of so-called electric ion wind with an air flow duct (1) in which a corona electrode (K) and a target electrode (M) are arranged in mutually axial spaced relationship, with the target electrode located downstream of the corona electrode. The corona electrode and the target electrode are each connected to a respective terminal of a d.c. voltage source (3), the voltage of which is such as to engender an air-ion generating corona discharge at the corona electrode.

Abstract: An arrangement for transporting air with the aid of corona-wind including tubes to extract detrimental side effects from corona discharge. A first tube is arranged with an open end located downstream of and axially in line with the corona electrode, as to face towards the electrode and such that the air flowing past in the vicinity of the corona electrode will flow into the open end of the first tube. A second tube having an open end is positioned upstream of and axially in line with the corona electrode, this second tube being directed downstream. The first tube and the second tube are connected together so that the air flowing in through the open end of the first tube will be conducted to the second tube and flow out through the open end of the second tube in the immediate vicinity of the corona electrode.

Abstract: A rotating electric machine comprises a rotor and a stator each having a ferromagnetic core and being separated by a cylindrical air gap. The stator core is provided with three peripheral rings of magnet poles, the poles in each pole ring having alternate opposite polarities and the pole rings having the same number of poles and being spaced axially apart. The rotor core is provided with three peripheral ferromagnetic rings each having peripherally uniformly spaced teeth and spaces therebetween. These toothed rings are located opposite the magnet pole rings and each includes a number of teeth equal to half the number of magnet poles in each magnet pole ring. The mutual angular position between the magnet pole ring and the toothed ring in each associated pair is displaced peripherally in relation to the corresponding position in the other associated pairs by an angle equal to one third of the peripheral extension of a magnet pole pair.

Abstract: A rotary electric motor has a stator core (1) with salient poles (4, 3), some of them ferromagnetic and some of them permanent-magnetic, which are spaced-apart and which are all simultaneously magnetizable by means of a magnetizing winding (5A, 5B). The rotor core has either reluctance poles (7) with intervening pole gaps and constant pole pitch, or permanent-magnetic poles (10) with constant pole pitch and without intervening pole gaps, alternating poles being of opposite polarities. Each reluctance pole (7) or permanent-magnetic pole (10) has a width which over a portion of the pole corresponds to respectively one-half of or the full pole pitch and is smaller over the remaining portion so that each pole (7 or 10) has a part (7B or 10A) which projects in a direction common to all poles. The ferromagnetic and permanent-magnetic poles (3, 4) of the stator (1) have a width corresponding to the width of the narrower portion of the poles (7 or 10) of the rotor (2).