Abstract: The Satellite Communication System disclosed in the specification is a dynamic constellation (C) of satellites (S). The present invention is capable of offering continuous voice, data and video service to customers across the globe on the land, on the sea, or in the air. The preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a low Earth orbit satellite system that includes 40 spacecraft (S) traveling in each of 21 orbital planes at an altitude of 700 km (435 miles). This relatively large number of satellites employed by the preferred embodiment was selected to provide continuous coverage of the Earth's surface at a high minimum mask angle (1230a) of forty degrees. Each of the individual 840 spacecraft (S) functions as an independent sovereign switch of equal rank which knows the position of its neighbors, and independently handles traffic without ground control.

Abstract: A system and method for enabling sensitive authentication information to be under the control of the service provider and transmitting only non-sensitive authentication information to the AC, for providing a secure technique for generating sensitive authentication information and for securely transmitting to and storing the information in the mobile system (MS) and a storage device controlled by the service provider, and for enabling a mobile station to utilize features supported by the visited system even if the MS home system does not support the feature. The present invention utilizes a secure authentication center (SAC) and a secure A-key management system (SAMS) to perform authentication. The SAC can be positioned locally in a home system, or it can be centrally located, for example, between systems. The SAC can be connected to many SAMS. Each SAMS stores sensitive authentication information for a group of MS's.

Abstract: A system and method for enabling two or more communication systems, each supporting a different and possible incompatible signaling protocol, to communicate with each other where the system and method are not located within any of the affected systems and for enabling a mobile station to utilize features supported by the visited system even if its home system does not support the feature. The system of the present invention is a signaling gateway that is coupled to a communications signaling network. or the signaling gateway can be coupled directly to the incompatible systems. Communication signals that are transmitted from a first communication system to a second communication system and transmitted from the second network to the first network are received and transmitted by the signaling gateway.

Abstract: A system and method for authenticating a mobile station (MS) in a cellular network. The present invention is an authentication technique that uses the AMPS standard, or a derivative thereof, can authenticate a MS automatically, does not require modifications to the BS, MSC, or VLR, can detect mobile identification number/electronic serial number (MIN/ESN) clones, detects MIN/ESN clones that re-transmit the authentication results of the present invention, and can be easily and inexpensively added to MSs 102 that are based on the AMPS standard (and derivatives thereof). The present invention uses the AMPS-based MSs to automatically execute special authentication procedures using standard MS-to-BS and BS-to-MS messages. The present invention also uses a corresponding network authentication function that can be implemented in either (a) a modified HLR/AC, or (b) a new network component that has access to the signaling information between the HLR and the MSC/VLR.