Abstract: Ring or disc optical resonators are provided with random or coherent corrugation on a top surface to cause optical power to be radiated in a desired direction by light scattering. The resonators may be positioned proximate a waveguide, either in-plane or inter-plane with the waveguide. The resonators are used in a polymeric photonic display. Light at each fundamental color is generated by light emitting diodes, such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The light is coupled into waveguides that cross an array of diffractive elements, such as the resonators, each combined with an optical modulator, such as a polymer electro-optic (EO) modulator. The modulator allows light from the waveguides to reach the diffractive elements. Control lines run across the waveguides, and provide control signals to the modulators, allowing one row of diffractive elements at a time to receive light from the waveguides. The rows are scanned and synchronized with light generated by the OLEDs.

Abstract: A strong light confining nano-cavity in a photonic structure enhances the effective extinction cross-section of metal nano-particles. As a result of strong light confinement, precisely where the particle is located, the presence of a single metal nano-particle with a diameter as small, or smaller than 10 nm may be detected by measuring the decrease in transmission of light propagating through the photonic structure. In one embodiment, gold particles may be used as a sensing probe due to their large extinction coefficient in a wavelength range of (1450-1600 nm) and their mature use as labels in biosensing systems. The nanoparticles may be specifically bound to various analytes such as DNA, RNA, proteins and antigens.