Abstract: An optical instrument includes a first light source configured to generate a broadband light; an optical module configured to collimate the broadband light and focus the broadband light into a line; a beam splitter configured to split the broadband light into a sample beam and a reference beam and configured to combine the reference beam with the sample beam to form an interference beam; a control system configured to scan the sample beam on a retina of a subject along an axis that is substantially perpendicular to the sample beam; a second light source configured to stimulate the retina with a visible light to induce a physical change within the retina such that the sample beam is altered by the physical change; an image sensor; and a dispersive element configured to receive the interference beam from the beam splitter and to disperse the interference beam onto the image sensor.