Abstract: Provided is an enzyme immobilized on an enzyme. Also provided is a viscosified fracture fluid 1 formed by combining a solid proppant, a binding agent and an enzyme to form a proppant-immobilized enzyme 2, mixing the proppant-immobilized enzyme 2 with a second proppant 3 to form a heterogeneous proppant pack 4 and mixing said heterogeneous proppant pack 4 with a gelled liquid fracturing fluid 5 to form a viscosified fracture fluid 1 containing the heterogeneous proppant pack 4. The viscosified fracture fluid 1 containing the heterogeneous proppant pack 4 is pumped 6 into a subterranean zone 7 to form one or more fractures 8 therein. The proppant-immobilized enzyme 2 that is part of the heterogeneous proppant pack 4 has the dual purpose of propping open the subterranean fractures 8 and reducing the viscosity of the viscosified fracture fluid 1.

Abstract: Provided is an enzyme immobilized on an enzyme. Also provided is a viscosified fracture fluid 1 formed by combining a solid proppant, a binding agent and an enzyme to form a proppant-immobilized enzyme 2, mixing the proppant-immobilized enzyme 2 with a second proppant 3 to form a heterogeneous proppant pack 4 and mixing said heterogeneous proppant pack 4 with a gelled liquid fracturing fluid 5 to form a viscosified fracture fluid 1 containing the heterogeneous proppant pack 4. The viscosified fracture fluid 1 containing the heterogeneous proppant pack 4 is pumped 6 into a subterranean zone 7 to form one or more fractures 8 therein. The proppant-immobilized enzyme 2 that is part of the heterogeneous proppant pack 4 has the dual purpose of propping open the subterranean fractures 8 and reducing the viscosity of the viscosified fracture fluid 1.

Abstract: A method of improving flow of liquids and gases from a subterranean fracture using a viscosified fracture fluid 1 formed by combining a solid proppant, a binding agent and an enzyme to form a proppant-immobilized enzyme 2, mixing the proppant-immobilized enzyme 2 with a second proppant 3 to form a heterogeneous proppant pack 4 and mixing said heterogeneous proppant pack 4 with a gelled liquid fracturing fluid 5 to form the viscosified fracture fluid 1 containing the heterogeneous proppant pack 4. The viscosified fracture fluid 1 containing the heterogeneous proppant pack 4 is pumped 6 into a subterranean zone 7 to form one or more fractures therein. The proppant-immobilized enzyme 2 that is part of the heterogeneous proppant pack 4 has the dual purpose of propping open the subterranean fractures and reducing the viscosity of the viscosified fracture fluid.

Abstract: Provided is an enzyme immobilized on a proppant. Also provided is a viscofied fracture fluid 1 formed by combining a solid proppant, a binding agent and an enzyme to form a proppant-immobilized enzyme 2, mixing the proppant-immobilized enzyme 2 with a second proppant 3 to form a heterogeneous proppant pack 4 and mixing said heterogeneous proppant pack 4 with a gelled liquid fracturing fluid 5 to form the viscofied fracture fluid 1 containing the heterogeneous proppant pack 4. The viscofied fracture fluid 1 containing the heterogeneous proppant pack 4 is pumped 6 into a subterranean zone 7 to form one or more fractures therein. The proppant-immobilized enzyme 2 that is part of the heterogeneous proppant pack 4 has the dual purpose of propping open the subterranean fractures and reducing the viscosity of the viscofied fracture fluid.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing alcohol or sugar in a commercial-scale bioreactor using a reformulated commercial enzyme preparation. Also provided is a bioreactor modified to practice the method.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing alcohol or sugar in a commercial-scale bioreactor using a reformulated commercial enzyme preparation. Also provided is a bioreactor modified to practice the method.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing an enzyme-containing bio-gel from an enzyme solution, particularly a commercial ?-amylase solution. When allowed to stand in a vessel, enzyme from the enzyme solution collects on the inside surface of the vessel, thus forming a bio-gel. The bio-gel is recovered by removing the enzyme solution, then collecting, and optionally drying, the material deposited on the inner surface of the vessel. A bio-gel produced by this process is also provided.