Abstract: Compositions, vaccines and kits for cancer immunotherapy are described. The compositions, vaccines and kits may include transfer factor. The compositions, vaccines and kits also include modified monoclonal antibodies directed to cancer cells, other specific cancer receptor agonists, or viruses which infect cancer cells. The invention is also directed to methods of cancer immunotherapy using the compositions and vaccines of the invention.

Abstract: Compositions, vaccines and kits for cancer immunotherapy are described. The compositions, vaccines and kits may include transfer factor. The compositions, vaccines and kits also include modified monoclonal antibodies directed to cancer cells, other specific cancer receptor agonists, or viruses which infect cancer cells. The invention is also directed to methods of cancer immunotherapy using the compositions and vaccines of the invention.

Abstract: An attenuator is included in a reagent medium of a luminescent specific-binding assay to suppress undesirable extraneous light. In one such assay, an analyte in a sample is reacted with a specific binding partner attached to a solid surface, forming an immobilized pair at the surface. One member of the immobilized pair is then allowed to react with a specific binding partner previously conjugated with one component of a luminescent reaction system, and the remaining components are provided in the reagent medium. The resulting light emitted in the luminescent reaction is recorded on photographic film or other photodetector as a measure of the presence and quantity of the analyte in the sample.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for use in the diagnostic analysis of a liquid specimen through binding assays. The apparatus includes a rigid body having an elongated, shallow well formed in it, with a plurality of elongated strips, preferably in the form of cotton threads, stretched across the well in spaced relationship and generally perpendicular to the well's longitudinal axis. Each thread is coated with a separate binding conjugate such as an antigen or allergen. A cover plate that includes a thin plastic layer and an overlaying thin metallic layer covers the well to form an enclosed chamber having a specific volume. The metallic layer includes a separate elongated aperture in alignment with each coated thread. A liquid specimen is introduced into the chamber through one of two ports, for incubation with the coated threads, after which the specimen is removed and the reaction that occurred on each thread is determined.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for use in accurately measuring the binding reactions occurring between a predetermined class of components in a liquid specimen and their corresponding binding conjugates coated on separate test regions of a carrier. The carrier further includes a reference region that is uncoated, and the carrier is adapted for simultaneous contact of all of its regions with the liquid specimen. Any resulting binding reaction on each test region indicates both specific binding to the coated component as well as non-specific binding, and any resulting binding reaction on the reference region indicates merely non-specific binding. The measurements for the test regions are all reduced by an amount determined in accordance with the measurement for the reference region, to reduce the effects of non-specific binding on those measurements and thereby provide accurate measurements of the specific binding on each coated component.

Abstract: A multiple component binding assay system, and related methods of making and using it, having a plurality of coated filaments mounted at their opposite ends on a support, in a predetermined spaced relationship, for simultaneously screening a liquid test sample for a plurality of components. The system is particularly suitable for screening the sample for IgE class antibodies specific for certain allergens. The filaments are preferably cotton threads, each thread binding a different allergen through a covalent bond. The support, which is preferably cut away adjacent the mid-portion of each filament to reduce background interference, is composed of a plastic or other water insoluble material, permitting inexpensive and relatively simple manufacture. After any IgE class antibodies present in the liquid sample have reacted with the corresponding allergens coated on the filaments, they are detected using second antibodies labeled with radioactive, fluorescent or enzymatic tracers.

Abstract: Allergic hypersensitivity of a number of patients to a large number of allergens is determined by coating a sheet of cellulosic material on both sides with an adherent hydrophobic material so as to leave a plurality of uncoated islands on one side of the sheet which are in register with a plurality of uncoated islands on the other side of the sheet and with the islands so placed that they lie in horizontal and vertical rows on the sheet, contacting each vertical row of islands with a separate identified allergen, contacting each horizontal row of islands with the serum of a patient, contacting all of the islands with an anti-IgE specific antiserum labeled with either a fluorescent material or a radioactive material and then identifying the islands containing fluorescent or radioactive material. Apparatus for carrying out the determination is described.

Abstract: Allergic hypersensitivity to a large number of allergens is determined by coating narrow bands of an elongated body of cellulosic material with a large number of separate identified allergens. The coated bands are separated from each other by narrow allergen-free bands. The cellulosic body is then contacted with blood serum of the patient, washed and contacted with an anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) specific antiserum labeled with either a fluorescent material or a radioactive material. The cellulosic body is again washed and bands containing fluorescent material or radioactive material are identified.