Abstract: A portable vein viewer apparatus may be battery powered and hand-held to reveal patient vasculature information to aid in venipuncture processes. The apparatus comprises a first laser diode emitting infrared light, and a second laser diode emitting only visible wavelengths, wherein vasculature absorbs a portion of the infrared light causing reflection of a contrasted infrared image. A pair of silicon PIN photodiodes, responsive to the contrasted infrared image, causes transmission of a corresponding signal. The signal is processed through circuitry to amplify, sum, and filter the outputted signals, and with the use of an image processing algorithm, the contrasted image is projected onto the patient's skin surface using the second laser diode. Revealed information may comprise vein location, depth, diameter, and degree of certainty of vein locations. Projection of vein images may be a positive or a negative image. Venipuncture needles may be coated to provide visibility in projected images.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a pigmented primer composition for forming an n-acyl urea coating on a substrate. The pigmented primer composition includes a polycarbodiimide-polyurethane hybrid. The pigmented primer composition also includes an acid functional polymer and an organic solvent, and includes less than or equal to 10 weight percent of water based on a total weight of the pigmented primer composition. The pigmented primer composition also includes a pigment, an inorganic filler, and less than about 100 parts by weight of toluene diisocyanate per one million parts by weight of the pigmented primer composition. The n-acyl urea coating exhibits corrosion resistance of 2 to 10 as determined using ASTM B117 and ASTM D-1654-08 on a substrate that is unpolished cold rolled steel, aluminum, or galvanized steel.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a pigmented primer composition for forming an n-acyl urea coating on a substrate. The pigmented primer composition includes a polycarbodiimide-polyurethane hybrid. The pigmented primer composition also includes an acid functional polymer and an organic solvent, and includes less than or equal to 10 weight percent of water based on a total weight of the pigmented primer composition. The pigmented primer composition also includes a pigment, an inorganic filler, and less than about 100 parts by weight of toluene diisocyanate per one million parts by weight of the pigmented primer composition. The n-acyl urea coating exhibits corrosion resistance of 2 to 10 as determined using ASTM B117 and ASTM D-1654-08 on a substrate that is unpolished cold rolled steel, aluminum, or galvanized steel.