Abstract: The system includes a liquid transport structure configured to hold a sensor for detecting one or more components in a liquid. The liquid transport structure includes a reservoir configured to hold a liquid within the liquid transport structure and a channel configured to transport a liquid held in the reservoir to a sensor held by the liquid transport structure.

Abstract: The system includes a microfabricated electrochemical biosensor for detecting the presence and/or quantity of the target analyte in the sample reagent. The biosensor includes a substrate and at least two electrically conductive electrodes. Each of the electrical conductive electrodes consists of a single layer of an electrically conductive material. The electrodes can be fabricated on the substrate by integrated circuit technology.

Abstract: The system includes a liquid transport structure configured to hold a sensor for detecting one or more components in a liquid. The liquid transport structure includes a reservoir configured to hold a liquid within the liquid transport structure and a channel configured to transport a liquid held in the reservoir to a sensor held by the liquid transport structure.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and integrated circuit (IC) based biosensor capable of sensing or detecting various ionic molecules and macromelecules (DNA, RNA or protein). The MEMS based biosensor may utilize a hybridization and enzyme amplification scheme and an electrochemical detection scheme for sensitivity improvement and system miniaturization. The biosensor or biosensors are incorporated on a single substrate. Preferably, the biosensor system comprises at least two electrodes. The electrodes may comprise a working electrode, a reference electrode and a counter (auxiliary) electrode. The biosensor or biosensors also provide an apparatus and method for confinement of reagent and/or solution in the biosensor or biosensors using surface tension at small scale. The confinement system provides controlled contacts between the reagent(s) and/or solution(s) with the components (i.e., electrodes) of the biosensor or biosensors using controllable surface properties and surface tension forces.