Abstract: Implementations relate to determining a secondary language proficiency measure, for a user in a secondary language (i.e., a language other than a primary language specified for the user), where determining the secondary language proficiency measure is based on past interactions of the user that are related to the secondary language. Those implementations further relate to utilizing the determined secondary language proficiency measure to increase efficiency of user interaction(s), such as interaction(s) with a language learning application and/or an automated assistant. Some of those implementations utilize the secondary language proficiency measure in automatically setting value(s), biasing automatic speech recognition, and/or determining how to render natural language output.

Abstract: Implementations relate to determining a secondary language proficiency measure, for a user in a secondary language (i.e., a language other than a primary language specified for the user), where determining the secondary language proficiency measure is based on past interactions of the user that are related to the secondary language. Those implementations further relate to utilizing the determined secondary language proficiency measure to increase efficiency of user interaction(s), such as interaction(s) with a language learning application and/or an automated assistant. Some of those implementations utilize the secondary language proficiency measure in automatically setting value(s), biasing automatic speech recognition, and/or determining how to render natural language output.

Abstract: Implementations relate to determining a well-formed phrase to suggest to a user to submit in lieu of a not well-formed phrase. The suggestion is rendered via an interface that is provided to a client device of the user. Those implementations relate to determining that a phrase is not well-formed, identifying alternate phrases that are related to the not well-formed phrase, and scoring the alternate phrases to select one or more of the alternate phrases to render via the interface. Some of those implementations are related to identifying that the phrase is not well-formed based on occurrences of the phrase in documents that are generated by a source with the language of the phrase as the primary language of the creator.

Abstract: Implementations relate to determining a secondary language proficiency measure, for a user in a secondary language (i.e., a language other than a primary language specified for the user), where determining the secondary language proficiency measure is based on past interactions of the user that are related to the secondary language. Those implementations further relate to utilizing the determined secondary language proficiency measure to increase efficiency of user interaction(s), such as interaction(s) with a language learning application and/or an automated assistant. Some of those implementations utilize the secondary language proficiency measure in automatically setting value(s), biasing automatic speech recognition, and/or determining how to render natural language output.

Abstract: A saddle tree comprising a back engaging element (3) for engaging and sitting on the back of an animal and a seat forming element (4) resiliently coupled to the back engaging element (3) adjacent the pommel (5) by a pair of resilient mounting members (8). A limit strap (17) is anchored to the back engaging element (3) and is adjustably coupled to the seat forming element (4) by a ratchet mechanism (20). The limit strap (17) terminates in a grippable element (32) which is releasably grippable by the ratchet mechanism (20). By urging the grippable element (32) in the direction of the arrow A through the ratchet mechanism (20), the limit of upward travel of the seat forming element (4) relative to the back engaging element (3) is reduced, thereby effectively hardening the saddle.

Abstract: A saddle tree comprising a back engaging element (3) for engaging and sitting on the back of an animal and a seat forming element (4) resiliently coupled to the back engaging element (3) adjacent the pommel (5) by a pair of resilient mounting members (8). A limit strap (17) is anchored to the back engaging element (3) and is adjustably coupled to the seat forming element (4) by a ratchet mechanism (20). The limit strap (17) terminates in a grippable element (32) which is releasably grippable by the ratchet mechanism (20). By urging the grippable element (32) in the direction of the arrow A through the ratchet mechanism (20), the limit of upward travel of the seat forming element (4) relative to the back engaging element (3) is reduced, thereby effectively hardening the saddle.