Abstract: Methods for forming thin, low resistivity metal layers, such as tungsten (W) and ruthenium (Ru) layers. The methods include depositing a metal material onto a substrate via ion beam deposition with assist in a process chamber at a temperature of at least 250° C. to produce the metal film. A resulting thin tungsten film has large and highly oriented ?(110) grains having a resistivity less than 10 ??-cm and thickness less than 300 ?, with no discernable ?-phase. A resulting thin ruthenium film has a resistivity less than 12 ??-cm and a thickness less than 300 ?.

Abstract: A belt has a strap defining a fixed end and a loose end and a buckle engaging the strap. The buckle has a frame defining a channel between outer and inner portions thereof and the outer portion extends beyond the lower portion. A prong protrudes from an undersurface of the outer portion into the channel to engage one of a series of holes of the loose end of the strap passing through the channel. The buckle also has a separable chape connecting the fixed end of the strap and which fits through a rear entrance of the channel to releasably connect to the inner portion of the frame.

Abstract: A method of facilitating interactive communication between clients providing services and/or products and prospective users thereof. The method provides access to a database of at least one client's user interest data on a network, permits network access to the user interest data by a user via a remote interface, and receives a selection by the user of the client's user interest data and receives entry by the user of user-specific data. Access is provided to processing software which processes the user-specific data and the selected user interest data to produce response data, and at least one recipient nominated by the client is provided with access to equipment which automatically exports the response data.