Abstract: A shielded bridge for a coplanar waveguide (CPW) includes a signal bridge extending from a first terminal of the CPW to a second terminal of the CPW. The signal bridge has a raised central portion that extends over a separate signal conductor. The shielded bridge for the CPW also includes a ground bridge extending from a first ground plane on a first side of the separate signal conductor to a second ground plane on a second side of the separate signal conductor. The ground bridge is positioned between the signal bridge and the separate signal conductor.

Abstract: We describe a method of processing data to determine a level of free sugar in a foodstuff or drink, the method comprising: inputting data defining an ingredient list for said foodstuff or drink; inputting data for an empirical analysis (b) of nutrient levels in said foodstuff or drink; inputting data defining nutrient levels for each of ingredient in said ingredient list; wherein said analysed nutrient levels (b) in said foodstuff or drink are expressible as a combination of a matrix (A) of said ingredient nutrient levels and a vector (x) defining proportions of said ingredients in said ingredient list, representing a system of simultaneous equations defining said analysed nutrient levels in terms of said ingredient proportions and ingredient nutrient levels; identifying one or more conditions selected from the group consisting of: i) a solution to said system of simultaneous equations is non-physical, ii) said system of simultaneous equations is underdetermined, and iii) said system of simultaneous equations

Abstract: A shielded bridge for a coplanar waveguide (CPW) includes a signal bridge extending from a first terminal of the CPW to a second terminal of the CPW. The signal bridge has a raised central portion that extends over a separate signal conductor. The shielded bridge for the CPW also includes a ground bridge extending from a first ground plane on a first side of the separate signal conductor to a second ground plane on a second side of the separate signal conductor. The ground bridge is positioned between the signal bridge and the separate signal conductor.

Abstract: Metamaterial waveguides and shielded bridges are employed to improve the scalability and routing of quantum computing circuits. A metamaterial waveguide includes a signal conductor that has a periodic array of lumped element resonators distributed along and electrically coupled to a signal conductor. The periodic array of lumped element resonator pairs defines a bandgap within an operating bandwidth of the waveguide. Qubits can communicate within the operating bandwidth of the waveguide and communications via the waveguide can be controlled by changing a center frequency of the qubits. A shielded bridge is used to cross over high frequency communications and control CPW's in a quantum computing circuit. The shielded bridge includes a signal bridge that is elevated and extends over a separate CPW, and a ground bridge positioned between the signal bridge and the separate CPW.

Abstract: Metamaterial waveguides and shielded bridges are employed to improve the scalability and routing of quantum computing circuits. A metamaterial waveguide includes a signal conductor that has a periodic array of lumped element resonators distributed along and electrically coupled to a signal conductor. The periodic array of lumped element resonator pairs defines a bandgap within an operating bandwidth of the waveguide. Qubits can communicate within the operating bandwidth of the waveguide and communications via the waveguide can be controlled by changing a center frequency of the qubits. A shielded bridge is used to cross over high frequency communications and control CPW's in a quantum computing circuit. The shielded bridge includes a signal bridge that is elevated and extends over a separate CPW, and a ground bridge positioned between the signal bridge and the separate CPW.

Abstract: We describe a method of processing data to determine a level of free sugar in a foodstuff or drink, the method comprising: inputting data defining an ingredient list for said foodstuff or drink; inputting data for an empirical analysis (b) of nutrient levels in said foodstuff or drink; inputting data defining nutrient levels for each of ingredient in said ingredient list; wherein said analysed nutrient levels (b) in said foodstuff or drink are expressible as a combination of a matrix (A) of said ingredient nutrient levels and a vector (x) defining proportions of said ingredients in said ingredient list, representing a system of simultaneous equations defining said analysed nutrient levels in terms of said ingredient proportions and ingredient nutrient levels; identifying one or more conditions selected from the group consisting of: i) a solution to said system of simultaneous equations is non-physical, ii) said system of simultaneous equations is underdetermined, and iii) said system of simultaneous equations