Abstract: A method includes separating a bound magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) from an unbound MNP. The bound MNP includes an MNP bound to an analyte, and a surface functionalization including a probe configured to bind to the analyte.

Abstract: A bioassay system includes at least one conductive excitation coil, the at least one conductive excitation coil configured to generate an alternating magnetic field including a first frequency and a second frequency. The bioassay system further includes a sample mount configured to position a sample within the at least one conductive excitation coil, and at least one sensing conductive coil configured to determine a magnetic response of a sample positioned within the sample mount to the alternating magnetic field.