Abstract: The invention relates to a drug delivery system for contraception including a steroidal estrogenic compound, a steroidal progestogenic compound or a combination thereof for the purposes of contraception in a subject, and provides for an ultra-low dose delivery of a steroidal estrogenic compound which minimizes or eliminates a burst release effect. The invention also relates to a method of contraception using the drug delivery system and method of manufacturing the drug delivery system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a drug delivery system for contraception including a steroidal estrogenic compound, a steroidal progestogenic compound or a combination thereof for the purposes of contraception in a subject, and provides for an ultra-low dose delivery of a steroidal estrogenic compound which minimizes or eliminates a burst release effect. The invention also relates to a method of contraception using the drug delivery system and method of manufacturing the drug delivery system.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides assays for the detection and/or quantification of membrane-associated proteins, e.g., circulating CD20 (cCD20), incorporating an extracellular vesicle-based calibrator comprising the membrane-associated tumor antigen as well as the use of such assays in the detection and treatment of hyperproliferative disorders.

Abstract: The invention relates to a drug delivery system for contraception including a steroidal estrogenic compound, a steroidal progestogenic compound or a combination thereof for the purposes of contraception in a subject, and provides for an ultra-low dose delivery of a steroidal estrogenic compound. The invention also relates to a method of contraception using the drug delivery system and method of manufacturing the drug delivery system.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes two matched antibody pairs for use in a sandwich immunoassay for detecting and quantifying soluble PD-L1 in liquid samples, as well as an electrochemiluminescence sandwich immunoassay that has been optimized and validated with one of the matched pairs.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes two matched antibody pairs for use in a sandwich immunoassay for detecting and quantifying soluble PD-L1 in liquid samples, as well as an electrochemiluminescence sandwich immunoassay that has been optimized and validated with one of the matched pairs.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions for immunoassay with improved specificity. The presently disclosed bead-based blocking agents reduce the interference associated with the samples and reagents of such assays.

Abstract: In sandwich-type immunoassays that capture a protein analyte between a capture antibody, typically bound to a solid phase, and a detection antibody that is coupled to a reporter group, the number of reporter groups associated with each molecule of analyte is increased by a variety of methods that utilize avidin-biotin-type binding in conjunction with such features as immunological binding to the reporter group on the detection antibody or multiple biotin-avidin-type binding sites.

Abstract: In sandwich-type immunoassays that capture a protein analyte between a capture antibody, typically bound to a solid phase, and a detection antibody that is coupled to a reporter group, the number of reporter groups associated with each molecule of analyte is increased by a variety of methods that utilize avidin-biotin-type binding in conjunction with such features as immunological binding to the reporter group on the detection antibody or multiple biotin-avidin-type binding sites.

Abstract: Jitter in a clock signal can cause communications faults in communications networks, such as in networks in which downstream nodes use recovered clock signals as timing for upstream communications. An embodiment of the present invention detects and compensates for jitter in a network by recovering a reference clock associated with communications signals between nodes, such as an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) and Optical Network Terminal (ONT) in a Passive Optical Network (PON). A local clock is synchronized with the reference clock. Jitter induced faults may be detected and compensated for by increasing the synchronization rate, then decreasing the synchronization rate until jitter induced faults begin to occur. A loss or change in a rate of communications errors occurring as a function of the synchronization rate may be monitored and reported to a system operator. Compensating for jitter by adjusting the synchronization rate provides for robust communications between network nodes.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for verifying optical system performance using a signaling value test are disclosed. After instructing the first optical interface device and the second optical interface device to enter a verification mode, the first optical interface device sends first verification data to the second optical interface device via an optical communications network. In one embodiment, the first optical interface device is an optical line termination (“OLT”) and the second optical interface device is an optical network terminal (“ONT”). Upon composing the first reply message in response to content received by the second optical interface in accordance with the first verification data, the second optical interface device forwards the first reply message to the first optical interface device.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method of enhancing data integrity for data transmission over an optical network are disclosed. Upon detecting a low performance condition associated to the optical communications network, an error correcting code (“ECC”) device is activated. The ECC device inserts the ECC to a data stream to form an ECC data stream. Once the ECC data stream reaches to the destination, the ECC device corrects any errors incurred during the transmission, and removes the ECC from the ECC data stream. It should be noted that the ECC device can also be activated by a request from a network operator.

Abstract: Component malfunctions in passive optical networks (PON) can increase bit error rates and decrease signal-to-noise ratio in communications signals. These faults may cause the receivers of the signals, either the optical line terminal (OLT) or optical network terminals (ONTs), to experience intermittent faults and/or may result in misinterpreted commands that disrupt other ONT's communication, resulting in a rogue ONT condition. Existing PON protocol detection methods may not detect these types of malfunctions. An embodiment of the present invention identifies faults in a PON by transmitting a test series of data patterns via an optical communications path from a first network node to a second network node. The test series is compared to an expected series of data patterns. An error rate may be calculated as a function of the differences between the test series and expected series. The error rate may be reported to identify faults in the PON.

Abstract: Jitter in a clock signal can cause communications faults in communications networks, such as in networks in which downstream nodes use recovered clock signals as timing for upstream communications. An embodiment of the present invention detects and compensates for jitter in a network by recovering a reference clock associated with communications signals between nodes, such as an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) and Optical Network Terminal (ONT) in a Passive Optical Network (PON). A local clock is synchronized with the reference clock. Jitter induced faults may be detected and compensated for by increasing the synchronization rate, then decreasing the synchronization rate until jitter induced faults begin to occur. A loss or change in a rate of communications errors occurring as a function of the synchronization rate may be monitored and reported to a system operator. Compensating for jitter by adjusting the synchronization rate provides for robust communications between network nodes.

Abstract: In a telephone signalling detector of the cross-correlation type, samples from a selected communications channel are multiplied with sine and cosine coefficients of different frequencies. The resulting sine and cosine products for each frequency are separately accumulated over a period of time after which the accumulated results are each squared and then summed for the individual frequencies. A series of sums of squares is compared in accordance with predetermined tone detection parameters to determine the presence or absence of a signalling tone defined by the coefficients. In a telephone signalling detector intended to detect any of a large family of specified signalling tones in any of a plurality of channels, the square root value of each of the sums of squares is typically provided by digital circuitry for subsequent use in a processor which is operated to complete the tone detection function in accordance with program instructions.

Abstract: A solid state relay provides for a discontinuous transfer contact function. The solid state relay includes a first field effect transistor (FET) in a first switch, and second and third FETs in a second switch. The first and second FETs are each connected with AC responsive bias circuits for biasing the respective FETs into a non conductive condition. A control circuit operates the first and second switches to provide a transfer contact function. In a switching transition between a supply of a talking battery via the second switch, to a telephone line, to a supply of a ringing battery line via the first switch to the telephone line, the third FET is operated to increase impedance between the talking battery supply and the second FET, to permit AC voltage from the ringing battery supply to bias the second FET OFF.