Abstract: Anion-exchange membranes are useful for electro-membrane processes such as electrodialysis (water desalination, separation of inorganics from organic molecules, separation of specific inorganic ion, etc.), in-situ ion-exchange and ion substitution, electro-deionization for producing ultrapure water, polymer electrolyte membrane for alkaline fuel cell and electrolysis applications. The present invention discloses an acid and base resistant fluorinated hydrocarbon based anion-exchange membrane and its method of preparation thereof. In the first step co-polymerization is carried out between N-isopropylacrylamide and 1-vinylimidazole. In the second step, obtained inter-polymer of isopropylacrylamide-co-vinylimidazole co-polymer is mixed with poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-co-HFP) (IA-co-VI/PVDF-co-HFP), which is used for casting membrane film of desired thickness. The obtained casted membrane thin film is quaternized in methyl iodide solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to natural crude salt formulations arid their cost-effective preparation. In particular, the invention discloses the fractionation of seawater into three fractions which can thereafter be suitably combined to reconstitute seawater in its pristine form for its various applications such as growth of marine microbes, flora and fauna in a marine environment, especially where such environments have to be created in locations far removed from the sea and/or where there is a requirement to modify the composition of seawater to better its performance. The fractions can also be blended appropriately to exclude the major constituent, namely sodium chloride, and thereby be useful for mineralization/re-mineralization of waters which are deficient in mineral nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulphate and bicarbonate including rain water and desalinated waters obtained through thermal/RO desalination.

Abstract: The present invention relates to natural crude salt formulations arid their cost-effective preparation. In particular, the invention discloses the fractionation of seawater into three fractions which can thereafter be suitably combined to reconstitute seawater in its pristine form for its various applications such as growth of marine microbes, flora and fauna in a marine environment, especially where such environments have to be created in locations far removed from the sea and/or where there is a requirement to modify the composition of seawater to better its performance. The fractions can also be blended appropriately to exclude the major constituent, namely sodium chloride, and thereby be useful for mineralization/re-mineralization of waters which are deficient in mineral nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulphate and bicarbonate including rain water and desalinated waters obtained through thermal/RO desalination.