Abstract: A method for separating black mass from electrodes of spent lithium ion batteries includes separating electrode pieces from remainder of material of a portion of a spent lithium ion battery. The electrode pieces are heated to a temperature in a range from about 200° C. to about 350° C. for a predetermined period of time to obtain pre-heated electrode pieces. The pre-heated electrode pieces are disposed in a neutral liquid to obtain a first suspension. Ultrasound vibrations are applied to the first suspension to separate the black mass and the binder from the metal pieces. Metal pieces, binder material and black mass from the electrode pieces are then segregated to obtain black mass.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a metal salt from a spent lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery may include contacting a leaching solvent to a portion of the spent lithium-ion battery to form a first dispersion. The first dispersion is heated to a temperature in a range from 50° C. to 90° C. by applying microwave radiation. The temperature of the first dispersion is maintained to be in the range from 50° C. to 90° C. for a period in a range from 10 seconds to 5 minutes by further applying microwave radiation to the heated first dispersion. The first dispersion is filtered to obtain a first filtrate. The first dispersion is then filtered to separate undissolved material from a first filtrate. The undissolved precipitate is dehydrated to obtain the black mass.

Abstract: Disclosed are solutions for the recovery of elemental metals at industrial scales without smelting including, for example, the recovery of near-pure lead from recycled LABs via specialized electrolytic processing. Further disclosed are new processes, innovative electrolyzer designs, and/or novel utilization of supplemental chemicals necessary for successful electrolysis of pure metal from impure forms (e.g., pure lead from lead oxides), and especially applicable for solid-state electrolysis of mixtures comprising lead paste, electrolyte, and supplemental chemicals. With particular regard to recovering near-pure lead during LAB recycling, solid-state electrolysis of mixtures comprising impure lead (e.g., lead paste) is made possible by electrolytic processing using supplemental chemicals, and made scalable to industrial levels via utilization of an horizontal cathode in the electrolyzer.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a metal salt from a spent lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery may include contacting a leaching solvent to a portion of the spent lithium-ion battery to form a first dispersion. The first dispersion is heated to a temperature in a range from 50° C. to 90° C. by applying microwave radiation. The temperature of the first dispersion is maintained to be in the range from 50° C. to 90° C. for a period in a range from 10 seconds to 5 minutes by further applying microwave radiation to the heated first dispersion. The first dispersion is filtered to obtain a first filtrate. A first base is contacted with the first filtrate to increase a pH of the first filtrate to a first predetermined value to precipitate a first metal salt.

Abstract: Disclosed are solutions directed to the recovery of both elemental lead and lead alloy (e.g., antimonial lead) from the grid metallics of recycled LABs. The solutions may comprise in part one or more of the following: a rotating drum for rotationally hammering a mixture comprising the lead paste, the lead alloy, and a solution, wherein the rotational hammering is performed in a manner sufficient to cause the lead paste to no longer physically adhere to the lead alloy; a vessel for receiving the mixture from the drum and vibrating the mixture sufficient to cause material movement within the mixture to facilitate separation of the lead alloy from the lead paste and the solution; and/or a press for pressing the lead alloy into a pressed form. The lead paste recovered in this manner may be further processed to yield pure elemental lead, while the recovered lead alloy may be immediately reused in new battery grids and so forth.

Abstract: Disclosed are solutions for the recovery of elemental metals from dross at industrial scales without smelting including, for example, the recovery of near-pure lead from dross resulting from recycled LABs whether by smelting, electrolytic processing, or some other process. Further disclosed are new processes, innovative electrolyzer designs, and/or novel utilization of supplemental chemicals necessary for successful electrolysis of pure metal from impure forms (e.g., pure lead from lead monoxide) found in dross, and especially applicable for solid-state electrolysis of mixtures comprising lead dross paste, electrolyte, and supplemental chemicals. Solid-state electrolysis of mixtures comprising impure lead dross (e.g., dross paste) is made possible by electrolytic processing using supplemental chemicals, and made scalable to industrial levels via utilization of a horizontal cathode in the electrolyzer.

Abstract: A method of obtaining an electrode metal from an electrode of a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery includes separating an electrode portion from a spent Li-ion battery. A leaching solvent is contacted to the separated electrode portion to form an electrode dispersion. The electrode dispersion is heated to a temperature in a range from about 50° C. to about 90° C. by applying microwave radiation. The temperature of the electrode dispersion is maintained to be in the range from about 50° C. to about 90° C. for a period in a range from about 10 seconds to about 5 minutes by further applying microwave radiation to the heated electrode dispersion. The electrode dispersion is then filtered to obtain the electrode metal.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electrolyzer comprising a horizontal cathode located below a suspended anode for purposes of performing electrolysis on metal-bearing mixtures or solutions. The horizontal cathode may comprise the bottom surface of a compartment for containing a mixture or solution of metal components, electrolyte, and/or supplemental chemicals. The horizontal anode may engage the upper surface of the mixture or solution in the compartment. A removal mechanism for facilitating removal of the end-products of the mixture or solution from the compartment (and the surface of the horizontal cathode) through the gate may also be employed. These implementations may be used in recycling of lead acid batteries (LABs) without any need for smelting, and also may be applied to a variety of different electrolytical operations.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a mirrored serial interface (MSI) for accessing peripherals through four wire serial interface. More particularly, the present disclosure is related to serial peripheral protocol with looped back mechanism in which contents of source data line are looped back onto the destination line and compared at every clock edge to ensure data sanity and to assert presence of slave and master device during and between cycles.

Abstract: Methods and systems for selecting a communication channel from a plurality of available channels in an infrastructure basic service set network having a plurality of access points APs comprising: monitoring the available channels for a scan time by a co-located radio station to capture signal level from APs at each channel; calculating weighted channel power level of each channel to determine the channel with minimum power and free channels from the available channels; receiving the signal level of each channel from co-located radio station to processor and calculating weighted channel power level of each channel to select the communication channel, selecting communication channels comprises: identifying free channels; where only one free channel, select the free channel, where plurality, select the free channel with minimum interference less than a predefined value and with lower weighted channel power level, where no free channels, select the channel with minimum weighted channel power level.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a mirrored serial interface (MSI) for accessing peripherals through four wire serial interface. More particularly, the present disclosure is related to serial peripheral protocol with looped back mechanism in which contents of source data line are looped back onto the destination line and compared at every clock edge to ensure data sanity and to assert presence of slave and master device during and between cycles.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to a method and an information appliance device having a unique access card for preventing security breach in the information appliance device. A multimedia content server transmits a one-time access key to both the information appliance device and a user of the information appliance device. The user must input the access key to the information appliance device. The information appliance device verifies the access key and provides access to the user for the multimedia services, by activating a periodic activation key upon successful verification of the access key. Therefore, even if unauthorized user tries to skip the access key verification process through modification of access cards used in information appliance device, the unauthorized user cannot access the multimedia service due to lack of the periodic activation key required for activating multimedia service. Hence, security breach such as, cloning or duplication of the access cards will be minimized.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and system for selecting a communication channel from a plurality of available channels in an infrastructure basic service set network having at least an access point and a plurality of access points, the method comprising: monitoring the available channels for a predetermined scan time by a co-located radio station to capture signal level from the plurality of access points at each channel; calculating weighted channel power level of each channel by the processor to determine the channel with minimum power and free channels from the available channels; receiving the signal level of each channel from co-located radio station to processor and calculating weighted channel power level of each channel by a processor to select the communication channel, selecting communication channels comprises: identifying free channels; where there is only one free channel, the free channel is selected, where there is plurality of free channels, the free channel with minimum interferen

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure aim at configuring an optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) in a central office such that the OTDR is configured to be operatively coupled with and also configured to periodically poll each fiber at defined intervals and compute/store a reflection signature that can be used to compare with future signatures received from subsequent polls of the fiber to determine a fault (e.g., a fiber cut or breakage) between the central office (CO) and one or more optical network unit (ONU) over GIS.

Abstract: Disclosed is a set top box (STB) configured to work with a smart card (SC) wherein the STB is authenticated by an operator who provides the smart card to a user using a One Time Password (OTP). The OTP is generated by the SC and sent via the STB to the operator through a user mobile device operatively coupled with the STB. The operator verifies the sender based upon registered mobile number of the sender, decrypts the received OTP and uses the decrypted OTP to transmit STB specific control messages to the STB and facilitate registration of the SC. Thereafter the STB can receive and decrypt channel data being transmitted by the operator. The SC, STB and the user mobile device have secure communication amongst each other after authentication of each other. Data sent between the user mobile device and the operator is encrypted.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to a RF high power amplifier designed for resonance mitigation. A method for resonance mitigation in RF high power amplifier enclosure and an enclosure for RF high power amplifier designed to mitigate resonance is provided. In an aspect, the enclosure can be configured with a metallic post or a grounded metallic post positioned at a suitable location with RF high power amplifier circuit to dampen and shift out resonance. In an aspect, the metallic post can be placed between printed circuit board (PCB) substrate and enclosure lid. Proposed metallic post solution eliminates the need of RF absorber in the design.

Abstract: Aspects of present disclosure relate to a system and method for network traffic slicing for next generation network communications. The network traffic slicing can be enabled to secure a certain amount of capacity of a single network slice, irrespective of the other network slices that co-exist. In an aspect, the proposed system and method for network traffic slicing uses 3GPP (third generation partnership project or any cellular network like 3G, or 2G, or 4G, or 5G) and non-3GPP (comprises of WiMAX or WiFi wireless means) networks depending on the proximity of the two devices, which needs to communicate. Also, the system and method can be configured at a centralized network traffic controller or network device, which can be one or more combinations of a gateway device, routers, switches, servers etc. that can decide mode of communication for enabling communication between IoT devices (for e.g. static or mobile communicable devices) based on different parameters.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a geographic information system (GIS) based centralized carbon footprint monitoring system (CFMS) that can monitor carbon footprint related to geographically distribute power consuming sites that meet their power requirement from multiplicity of power sources. The disclosure provides for real time monitoring of source of electric power among to a particular power consuming site. The captured power source status is periodically communicated to a Centralized Processing System configured to store the data and generate statistical reports relating to carbon footprint of these sites. The statistical reports are prepared by a web application built on top of the Centralized Processing System. Further, to provide a better comprehensibility of the information, the carbon footprint of the power consuming sites for a given period for a desired geographical region is displayed by means of Thematic Maps that are based on Geographic Information System (GIS) of Survey of India.

Abstract: The present invention disclosure relates to a system for monitoring deterministic characteristics of a safety critical network. The system has an Ethernet switch associated to a processor-memory unit that runs deterministic unit functionality or a multi-core system in which one or more cores have Ethernet switch functionality and one or more dedicated cores have deterministic unit functionality, a communication channel between the Ethernet switch and the processor-memory unit associated to a deterministic unit or the inter-core communication channel between the core/s running Ethernet switch functionality and the core/s running deterministic unit functionality and an Ethernet virtual connection (EVC) between adjacent switches through which the associated deterministic units communicate with each other.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to system and method for gesture recognition for emulating a mouse for human machine interface wherein displacements, direction of displacements of cursor as also double click actions of mouse can be emulated by instinctive hand gestures. The method uses a marker as gesture interface and therefore does not depend on hand segmentation techniques, which suffer from deficiencies related to lighting conditions, variation of skin color from person to person and complexities of background.