Abstract: A system and a method for navigating a robot. The system receives a target location, a field map, sensor data from a robot, and a robot location. The sensor data may include image data and kinetic data. Further, the system may determine a navigation mode based on the sensor data and the robot location. The navigation mode may be one of an under-canopy mode, an out-row mode, and a recovery mode. Further, the system may generate a reference map comprising a path for the robot to follow to reach the target location based on the navigation mode, the field map, and the target location. Finally, the system may be configured to navigate the robot based on the reference map.