Abstract: A method of obtaining cut-off expression values should be selected so as to maximise the separation of the respective survival curves of the two groups of patients. Pairs of genes are statistically significant genes are generated by generating a plurality of models, each of which represents a way of partitioning a set of subjects based on the optimal cut-off expression values of the pair of genes. Those gene pairs are identified for which one of the models has a high prognostic significance. Novel survival significant gene sets forming functional modules which could be used to develop specific prognostic and predictive tests are derived.

Abstract: A method of obtaining cut-off expression values should be selected so as to maximise the separation of the respective survival curves of the two groups of patients. Pairs of genes are statistically significant genes are generated by generating a plurality of models, each of which represents a way of partitioning a set of subjects based on the optimal cut-off expression values of the pair of genes. Those gene pairs are identified for which one of the models has a high prognostic significance. Novel survival significant gene sets forming functional modules which could be used to develop specific prognostic and predictive tests are derived.

Abstract: A survival model, for each of one or more pairs of genes, includes a function of a corresponding measure of the ratio of expression levels of the pairs of genes. For each pair of genes, there is a corresponding a cut-off value, such that patients are classified according to whether the corresponding measure is above or below the cut-off value. It is proposed (in an algorithm called “DDgR”) that the cut-off value should be selected so as to maximise the separation of the respective survival curves of the two groups of patients. It is further proposed that, for each of a number of genes or gene pairs, a selection is made from multiple survival models. The selection is according to whether a proportionality assumption is obeyed and/or according to a measure of data fit, such as the Baysian Information Criterion (BIC). Specific gene pairs identified by the methods are named.

Abstract: An apparatus for internal flash removal is intended for use in pipe manufacture and comprises a hollow supporting bar inserted into a pipe being welded and carrying an oxygen duct with a main nozzle and a cooled ferrite-holder. An additional nozzle having an oxygen conduit common with the main nozzle is arranged downstream of the main nozzle in the direction of welding. The main and the additional nozzles have oval outlets of different clear openings and are arranged at different acute angles to the weld in the same plane passing through the pipe axis and the weld. The apparatus ensures a quality weld surface finish inside the pipe.

Abstract: The roller comprises a core and a shell secured to said core. The shell is made up of two coaxial pipes, i.e. an inner pipe secured to the core in the middle and an outer pipe fastened to the inner pipe in the middle and at the ends. This allows the shell to be made of small-diameter thin-walled pipes thus reducing the roller deflection and decreasing considerably the weight both of the roller proper and of the equipment utilizing said roller.