Abstract: The invention is a jet propulsor using gas or liquid of the environment as an operating medium (OM). The propulsor comprises eight nozzles arranged centrally symmetrically and a channel system (CS). The CS comprises eight active channels (AC) with pressure units therein to control a flow head of the OM, four intermediate channels (IC) and a central channel (CC). Each of the AC is connected by one end to one of the nozzles. All AC are pairwise connected to each other by other ends, forming four connecting nodes of the AC (ACCN). Connected to each of the ACCN by one end is one of the IC pairwise interconnected by other ends and forming two connecting nodes of the IC (ICCN). The CC is connected to the ICCN. The technical result is the reduction of unproductive energy loss in the flows of the OM in the CS and increasing its efficacy.

Abstract: The invention is a jet propulsor using gas or liquid of the environment as an operating medium (OM). The propulsor comprises eight nozzles arranged centrally symmetrically and a channel system (CS). The CS comprises eight active channels (AC) with pressure units therein to control a flow head of the OM, four intermediate channels (IC) and a central channel (CC). Each of the AC is connected by one end to one of the nozzles. All AC are pairwise connected to each other by other ends, forming four connecting nodes of the AC (ACCN). Connected to each of the ACCN by one end is one of the IC pairwise interconnected by other ends and forming two connecting nodes of the IC (ICCN). The CC is connected to the ICCN. The technical result is the reduction of unproductive energy loss in the flows of the OM in the CS and increasing its efficacy.

Abstract: A jet propulsor, for use in vehicles or other devices moving in a three-dimensional gaseous or liquid medium such as air or water, has a joint chamber and at least four flow passages which are connected to the chamber with one of their ends, have independently controllable reversible pressure units inside, and are provided with independently controllable nozzles on their other ends. The propulsor pumps gas or liquid from the environment through itself and, because of reaction forces, provides for simultaneously and independently controlled thrust and thrust moment in terms of their value/strength and direction. Spatial control of the thrust vectoring and conditional thrust moment vector can be provided for in the spatial range of a full solid angle.

Abstract: A jet propulsor, for use in vehicles or other devices moving in a three-dimensional gaseous or liquid medium such as air or water, has a joint chamber and at least four flow passages which are connected to the chamber with one of their ends, have independently controllable reversible pressure units inside, and are provided with independently controllable nozzles on their other ends. The propulsor pumps gas or liquid from the environment through itself and, because of reaction forces, provides for simultaneously and independently controlled thrust and thrust moment in terms of their value/strength and direction. Spatial control of the thrust vectoring and conditional thrust moment vector can be provided for in the spatial range of a full solid angle.

Abstract: The present invention provides fully human antibodies in a transgenic animal of a desired isotype in response to immunization with any virtually any desired antigen. The human immunoglobulin heavy chain transgene in the foregoing animals comprises a human constant region gene segment comprising exons encoding the desired heavy chain isotype, operably linked to switch segments from a constant region of a different heavy chain isotype, i.e., a non-cognate switch region. Said additional constant region segment comprises a switch region and human constant region coding segment, wherein the constant region coding segment is operably linked to a switch region that it is not normally associated with, i.e., a non-cognate switch region. In the transgenes of the invention, the non-cognate switch region may be a switch region from a different species than the constant region coding segment.

Abstract: The present invention provides fully human antibodies in a transgenic animal of a desired isotype in response to immunization with any virtually any desired antigen. The human immunoglobulin heavy chain transgene in the foregoing animals comprises a human constant region gene segment comprising exons encoding the desired heavy chain isotype, operably linked to switch segments from a constant region of a different heavy chain isotype, i.e., a non-cognate switch region. Said additional constant region segment comprises a switch region and human constant region coding segment, wherein the constant region coding segment is operably linked to a switch region that it is not normally associated with, i.e., a non-cognate switch region. In the transgenes of the invention, the non-cognate switch region may be a switch region from a different species than the constant region coding segment.

Abstract: The present invention provides fully human antibodies in a transgenic animal of a desired isotype in response to immunization with any virtually any desired antigen. The human immunoglobulin heavy chain transgene in the foregoing animals comprises a human constant region gene segment comprising exons encoding the desired heavy chain isotype, operably linked to switch segments from a constant region of a different heavy chain isotype, i.e., a non-cognate switch region. Said additional constant region segment comprises a switch region and human constant region coding segment, wherein the constant region coding segment is operably linked to a switch region that it is not normally associated with, i.e., a non-cognate switch region. In the transgenes of the invention, the non-cognate switch region may be a switch region from a different species than the constant region coding segment.

Abstract: The present invention provides fully human antibodies in a transgenic animal of a desired isotype in response to immunization with any virtually any desired antigen. The human immunoglobulin heavy chain transgene in the foregoing animals comprises a human constant region gene segment comprising exons encoding the desired heavy chain isotype, operably linked to switch segments from a constant region of a different heavy chain isotype, i.e., a non-cognate switch region. Said additional constant region segment comprises a switch region and human constant region coding segment, wherein the constant region coding segment is operably linked to a switch region that it is not normally associated with, i.e., a non-cognate switch region. In the transgenes of the invention, the non-cognate switch region may be a switch region from a different species than the constant region coding segment.