Abstract: A device for generating radiation or a source based on a discharge includes a cathode and an anode. The cathode and anode material are supplied in fluid state. The material forms a plasma pinch when the device is in use. Optionally, nozzles may be used to supply the material. The cathode and/or anode may form a flat surface. The trajectories of the material may be elongated. A laser may be used to cause the discharge more easily. The laser may be directed on the anode of cathode or on a separate material located in between the anode and cathode.

Abstract: Software code sections can include at least one calling procedure (110) and a called procedure (140). The called procedure can include an interpreted code body (144). Execution of the interpreted code body can require the use of an associated interpreter. The software code sections can also include prologue (142) associated with the called procedure. The prologue can be invoked by the at least one calling procedure and can responsively actuate the interpreted code body causing programmatic actions defined within the interpreted code body to execute. Execution of the prologue does not require use of an interpreter. In one embodiment, the interpreted code body of the called procedure can execute upon a platform having an application binary interface (115). The prologue can actuate the interpreted code body according to specifications of the application binary interface.

Abstract: A device for generating radiation source based on a discharge includes a cathode and an anode. The cathode and anode material are supplied in fluid state. The material forms a plasma pinch when the device is in use. Optionally, nozzles may be used to supply the material. The cathode and/or anode may form a flat surface. The trajectories of the material may be elongated. A laser may be used to cause the discharge more easily. The laser may be directed on the anode of cathode or on a separate material located in between the anode and cathode.

Abstract: A radiation source unit is provided that includes an anode and a cathode that are configured and arranged to create a discharge in a substance in a space between said anode and cathode and to form a plasma so as to generate electromagnetic radiation. The substance may comprise xenon, indium, lithium, tin or any suitable material. To improve conversion efficiency, the source unit may be constructed to have a low inductance, and operated with a minimum of plasma. To, for example, improve heat dissipation, a fluid circulation system can be created within the source volume and a wick by using a fluid in both its vapor and liquid states. To, for example, prevent contamination from entering a lithographic projection apparatus, the source unit can be constructed to minimize the production of contamination, and a trap can be employed to capture the contamination without interfering with the emitted radiation.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes an illumination system that provides a beam of radiation, and a support structure that supports a patterning structure. The patterning structure is configured to impart the beam of radiation with a pattern in its cross-section. The apparatus also includes a substrate support that supports a substrate, a projection system that projects the patterned beam onto a target portion of the substrate, and a debris-mitigation system that mitigates debris particles which are formed during use of at least a part of the lithographic apparatus. The debris-mitigation system is arranged to apply a magnetic field so that at least charged debris particles are mitigated.

Abstract: A process automation system is described which includes a sense and response framework for receiving events in the process and initiating tasks in response to the received events. Execution of the scheduled tasks may in turn generate additional events that are received and responded to until all nodes in the flow have been completed.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus is disclosed. The lithographic apparatus includes an illumination system that provides a beam of radiation, and a support structure that supports a patterning structure. The patterning structure is configured to impart the beam of radiation with a pattern in its cross-section. The apparatus also includes a substrate support that supports a substrate, and a projection system that projects the patterned beam onto a target portion of the substrate. The illumination system includes a radiation-production system that produces extreme ultra-violet radiation, and a radiation-collection system that collects extreme ultra-violet radiation. Particles that are produced as a by-product of extreme ultra-violet radiation production move substantially in a particle-movement direction. The radiation-collection system is arranged to collect extreme ultra-violet radiation which radiates in a collection-direction, which is substantially different from the particle-movement direction.

Abstract: A lithographic projection apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a radiation system for providing a beam of radiation, and a support for supporting a patterning device. The patterning device serves to pattern the beam of radiation according to a desired pattern. The apparatus also includes a substrate table for holding a substrate, a projection system for projecting the patterned beam of radiation onto a target portion of the substrate, and a particle supply unit for supplying getter particles into the beam of radiation in order to act as a getter for contamination particles in the beam of radiation. The getter particles have a diameter of at least about 1 nm.

Abstract: The invention relates to transgenic animals bearing one or more human &lgr; light chain loci. The invention also relates to methods and compositions for making transgenic animals that have incorporated human &lgr; light chain loci. The invention further relates to methods of using and compositions derived from the transgenic animals that have incorporated human &lgr; light chain loci.

Abstract: A data entry system having a base. The base has a plurality of rotatable cylindrical controls. The controls are rotated into a plurality of positions, each of the plurality of positions represent a control sequence. Each control sequence represents one of a plurality of alphanumeric characters. An electrical processor is coupled to the controls and determines the character indicated by the control sequence.

Abstract: A work surface, e.g. an integrated circuit, is treated with a plasma jet. The work surface is shielded from an ambient medium by a shielding gas jet directed to create a shielded zone around the work surface, or which is blown over the work surface so it intersects the plasma jet on the work surface.

Abstract: A plasma stream is formed by plural plasma-forming gas through which electric currents are passed and on which a magnetic field is superposed a physical parameter of the plasma stream is monitored. The magnitude of force acting on one of the jets is varied until a required result is obtained. Plural plasma burners arranged at an angle to each other are connected to a power supply and a plasma-forming gas source. Each burner incudes an open magnetic circuit with a solenoid connected to another power supply. The physical parameters of the plasma stream are recorded. The recorder is connected to a processor having connected to both power supplies and plasma-forming gas source. The burners include a drive also connected to the processing unit.

Abstract: Plasma treatment apparatus includes means to generate a plasma jet at atmospheric pressure, and means to control both the cross-sectional size of the jet and the relative speed of movement between the jet and a body being treated.

Abstract: An apparatus for mixing heterogeneous substances comprises a casing with phase inlet and outlet unions, and a container. Accommodated in the container are at least two agitator-carrying shafts connected with a drive. The drive has a driving shaft with a carrier rigidly secured thereon, a second carrier, at least two satellites meshing with a central gear wheel. Each of the satellites is provided with at least one crank movably connected with a pitman, said crank and pitman connecting each satellite with one of said carriers.

Abstract: An apparatus for the production of cores from fluidized sands in hot boxes comprises individual mechanisms for joining and disjoining top and bottom sections of core boxes, which are placed beyond the confines of the latter. The joining mechanism incorporates at least two spring-loaded grapples mounted on individual shafts, fitted in satellites and positioned on a transport device, so as to carry core boxes. Located at one end of each grapple is a wedging member which co-operates with a wedging member provided on the top section of each core box. The disjoining mechanism includes stops, positioned on a support frame, and rollers mounted on the other end of each grapple for interaction with the stops.

Abstract: A machine for making mould cores from flowable sand mixtures in hot multi core boxes including a supporting frame carrying a conveyor whereon core boxes are placed, each of the boxes having a top and a bottom piece and mechanically interlinked main and additional gates. The gates are adapted to close or open respectively the central and peripheral core print openings of the core boxes while interacting with their respective individual drives. When the main gate and one of the additional gates interact with their respective individual drives made fast on the supporting frame at the pressing mechanism, they close respectively the central and peripheral core print openings. When the main gate and the other additional gate interact with their other individual drives made fast on the supporting frame before the splitting-up mechanism, they open the central and peripheral core print openings.

Abstract: A core delivery device of a machine for making cores from fluidized sands in hot boxes comprises apparatus for receiving cores and delivering them onto bearing plate bars mounted on a support frame. The apparatus in question is made in the form of a pantograph positioned on a trolley which, in turn, is mounted for reciprocation on the support frame. The pantograph is provided with core receiving bars which are lifted and lowered by an appropriate mechanism.

Abstract: A feature of the present invention is that an apparatus comprises an actuator of mechanisms for pressing and moving a batching chamber with a double-action cylinder whose internal ram is connected rigidly to a pressing plunger, and an external ram, to the batching chamber formed with interconnected parts having a horizontal groove at the point of their connection, the horizontal groove accommodating an additional gate with a port operated by an independent actuator. The internal ram mounts a device for adjusting the position of the pressing plunger, whereas the top head of the actuator of the mechanisms for pressing and moving the batching chamber accommodates a device for adjusting the position of the batching chamber, the top part of the batching chamber having a port providing access to the device adjusting the position of the pressing plunger.

Abstract: A characteristic feature of the invention lies in that a container for each liquid component, incorporated in a sand machine, is provided with an actuator intended for effecting forcible opening of the container spring-loaded valve, a device for controlling this actuator, and an eccentric mounted on the shaft of a drive for actuating feeders and acting on the control device; each proportioner for a fluid component is provided with spring-loaded diaphragms, of which one is adapted to control a feeder for loose components and the other, to close the feeder outlet. The connection between the feeders is effected by an intermediary member connected with the spring-loaded diaphragm and brought in contact with a cam mounted on the shaft of the drive for feeders and set at an angle of 2 to 15 deg. relative to the eccentric.

Abstract: A feature of the present invention is that an apparatus for manufacturing foundry cores is provided with a device for fastening together halves of core boxes, located before a heating chamber, and with a device for unfastening the halves of the core boxes, arranged behind the heating chamber, each of the core boxes comprising two horizontal rods with conical elements placed in the bottom half thereof and cooperating with the above devices for fastening and unfastening the core boxes, and two vertical rods secured to the top half of the core boxes and having at their bottom ends slots and conical orifices cooperating with the conical elements of the horizontal rods.