Abstract: A device for inducing an immune response in cancer therapy in which isolated living malignant tissue is enclosed in a space formed by a microporous membrane and a holder which is introduced into a body cavity so that macromolecular and cellular immune system components can pass freely in both directions through the membrane while malignant cells of the tumor tissue remain trapped inside.

Abstract: A device for inducing an immune response in cancer therapy in which isolated living malignant tissue is enclosed in a space formed by a microporous membrane in a holder which is introduced into a body cavity so that macromolecular and cellular immune system components can pass freely in both directions through the membrane while malignant cells of the tumor tissue remain trapped inside.

Abstract: A device for inducing an immune response in cancer therapy in which isolated living malignant tissue is enclosed in a space formed by a microporous membrane in a holder which is introduced into a body cavity so that macromolecular and cellular immune system components can pass freely in both directions through the membrane while malignant cells of the tumor tissue remain trapped inside.

Abstract: Vinegar is produced by a trickling must through a plurality of separate support beds colonized with Gluconobacter. The temperature of the must is maintained between each bed so that the must temperature varies no more than 2.degree. C. during passage through the plurality of beds.

Abstract: A fermentation apparatus for the production of alcohol provides for continuous circulation of must through the apparatus. A pumping column is connected to a top of a fermentation vat via a back pressure valve and extends above the vat for pumping fermented must transferred from the vat via the back pressure valve. A must degassing device is connected to the pumping column at a position above the column. A must return pipe is connected to the degassing device and to a bottom portion of the vat for conveying must in a turbulent flow to the vat and to a hydraulic stirring device positioned in the bottom portion of the vat for stirring must in the vat. A gas injection device is connected to an upper portion of the return pipe for introducing gas into the flow of must in the pipe. Alcohol may be collected by a decanter connected to the return pipe and/or by a device for heating the must in the pumping column.

Abstract: Alcohol is produced by continuous fermentation process in which must is fermented in a vat. Fresh must is introduced into the vat and fermented must is withdrawn from the vat. Fermented must withdrawn from the vat is pumped from the vat in a pumping column of a circuit extending above the vat in which carbon dioxide exerts mammoth pumping action. A back pressure is maintained and adjusted in an upper portion of the vat which is connected with the pumping column for concentrating carbon dioxide in the vat and for controlling the flow rate of the mammoth pumping column and the circulation speed of the must in the circuit. The pumping column is connected with a pipe which is connected to a lower portion of the vat which completes the circuit and which is disposed for effecting a turbulent flow of the carbon dioxide depleted must and for returning recycled must to the vat. Carbon dioxide is separated from the must in the pumping column and exerts the mammoth pumping action.

Abstract: A continuous fermentation process is performed in an apparatus system having at least two circulation fermenters arranged in a cascade. Fresh must is introduced into a first fermenter for fermentation with a flocculating yeast, growth of the yeast in the first fermenter being promoted by introduction of oxygen. The fermenting must and yeast are transferred from the first fermenter to a second fermenter and then to any subsequent fermenters of the cascade serially. In the second and any subsequent fermenters, the growth of yeast is inhibited. After passing through the last fermenter of the cascade, be it the second or a subsequent fermenter, yeast is separated from fermented must, and the separated yeast is removed from the system and is not recycled.

Abstract: Continuous fermentation of a must by yeast in a single vat to ensure a high yield and good productivity under conditions which remain stable for long periods is obtained by inhibition of the growth of the yeast by limiting the amount of assimilable phosphate and by continuous injection of a small quantity of fresh yeast.

Abstract: A process for the aerobic culture of a microorganism in a fluid nutrient medium therefor containing at least one source of carbon assimilable by the microorganism, in which a culture broth consisting of the fluid nutrient medium and of a cellular mass of the microorganism is circulated in a closed loop between an upper level and a lower level, in which the broth is subjected, in a fermentation zone extending along an ascending side of the loop from the lower level, to the combined action of the frictional forces of bubbles of an oxygen containing gas or of oxygen released under pressure into the broth, a mechanical force applying an upward thrust and at least one couple of mechanical forces acting in a horizontal plane.