Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for determining a distance between a distal end of an endoscope and a target during an endoscopic procedure are disclosed. A surgical laser feedback control system comprises a feedback analyzer and a controller. The feedback analyzer can receive at least two reflected signals from a target in response to electromagnetic radiation directed at the target. The at least two reflected signals correspond to respective different distances between a distal end of a device of a surgical laser system and the target. The feedback analyzer can determine a distance between the distal end of the device of the surgical laser system and the target based on the at least two reflected signals. The controller can generate a control signal to the surgical laser system to perform a predetermined operation based on the determined distance.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for determining a distance between a distal end of an endoscope and a target during an endoscopic procedure are disclosed. A surgical laser feedback control system comprises a feedback analyzer and a controller. The feedback analyzer can receive at least two reflected signals from a target in response to electromagnetic radiation directed at the target. The at least two reflected signals correspond to respective different distances between a distal end of a device of a surgical laser system and the target. The feedback analyzer can determine a distance between the distal end of the device of the surgical laser system and the target based on the at least two reflected signals. The controller can generate a control signal to the surgical laser system to perform a predetermined operation based on the determined distance.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for monitoring a condition associated with a medium proximate a target region. The system comprising a surgical laser, a surgical fiber coupled to the surgical laser for delivering laser light to a target region and receiving at least a portion of the laser light reflected from the target region. The system further comprising a processor configured to analyze the collected reflected laser light and determine, based at least in part on the analysis of the reflected laser light a value of a parameter associated with the medium proximate the target region.

Abstract: Techniques for calibrating an optical sensor system of a composition identification system are provided. In an example, a method can include receiving light at an optical sensor of the optical sensor system from a reference target, determining a first spectral response of the light across a range of wavelengths, determining whether a first spectral intensity corresponding to a first wavelength of the spectral response violates a first threshold, adjust an exposure duration or gain of the optical sensor for the first wavelength to correct the violation, and repeat for multiple wavelengths in the range. Once calibrated, the optical system can more efficiently identify composition of targets, such as anatomical targets encountered during medical procedures such as during endoscopy, laparoscopy, or ureteroscopy procedures, especially when such targets are illuminated with a wide spectrum illumination source.

Abstract: Techniques for detecting depth contours of an anatomical target and for enhancing imaging of the anatomical target are provided. In an example, a reference pattern of light can be projected across an anatomical target and an image of the reflected light pattern upon the anatomical target can be captured. The captured light pattern can be analyzed to determine contour information, which can then be used to provide 3D cues to enhance a 2-dimensional image of the anatomical target.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for automatic control of laser treatment of target structure in a body of a subject based on acoustic feedback in response to delivery of laser energy to the target are disclosed. An exemplary laser energy delivery system comprises a laser system to direct laser energy at a body target, and a controller circuit to receive an acoustic signal in response to delivery of laser energy to the target, and to measure acoustic properties from the acoustic signal. The control circuit may generate control signals for controlling the laser system to adjust laser energy output, or for controlling an actuator to adjust a position of a laser fiber distal end relative to the target to achieve a desired therapeutic effect.

Abstract: A lithotripsy or other medical laser treatment system can include a lateral actuator to laterally displace a distal portion of a laser fiber, such as can be scanned or otherwise controlled to generate a spatial or spatiotemporal sub-targeting pattern without requiring laterally moving an endoscope carrying the laser fiber in a longitudinal passage such as a working channel. A targeted stone can be selectively weakened along the pattern, such as using lower energy pulses, before being fragmented, such as by a higher energy shock pulse.