Abstract: Provided are 3D cell culture scaffolds, 3D nanofiber scaffolds, and edible 3D nanofiber scaffolds for cultured meat. Described is a 3D cell culture scaffold including a plurality of laminated nanofiber layers. Each layer is formed by an array of nanofibers. The diameter of each of the nanofibers in the arrays can have a tunable, predetermined diameter and can be formed from materials including a natural polymer, a synthetic polymer, a biocompatible material, or a combination thereof. Each of the nanofibers in the arrays can have controlled alignment, angle, and spacing from one another. The layers can be spaced by spacer fibers or spacer sheets. The scaffold can have a porosity of about 50% to 99%. Edible 3D scaffolds for cultured meat are also provided where the nanofibers and spacers are edible.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for extracting an antioxidant cocktail (containing a number of antioxidative molecules including but not limited to superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase) from animal sources (i.e., blood or liver) so that it can be used as a food and feed preservative in a non-purified state to prevent rancidity. The antioxidant can also be used in other products such as oils, paint, caulking, plastics, or any other product exposed to oxidation. The disclosed antioxidant cocktail can be used in an unpurified state, yet can still function as a potent antioxidant without having to undergo purification via complex, expensive methods such as chromatography or gel filtration.