Abstract: A system includes a display and a processor. The processor is configured to compute multiple forecasted local activation times (LATs) at different respective locations on cardiac tissue of a subject, by simulating a propagation of a physiological activation potential along the cardiac tissue with a particular portion of the cardiac tissue, which is currently conductive, being non-conductive. The processor is further configured to generate, based on the forecasted LATs, a forecasted electroanatomical map representing a forecasted state of the cardiac tissue following an ablation of the particular portion of the cardiac tissue, and to display the forecasted electroanatomical map on the display. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A cardiac simulation method includes storing, in a memory, a measured electrophysiological (EP) map of at least part of wall tissue of a heart of a patient. Based on the stored EP map, simulated electrical activity in response to computer-simulated pacing, which simulates actual electrical activity that would occur across the wall tissue of the heart of the patient in response to actual pacing, is calculated in a processor. Based on the simulated electrical activity calculated in the processor, one or more candidate locations on the wall tissue of the heart at which arrhythmia is suspected of originating are identified and indicated to a user.

Abstract: A medical analysis system, includes at least one catheter to be inserted into a body-part having a tissue surface, and comprising sensing electrodes to contact and receive electrical signals from the tissue surface, and processing circuitry to receive unipolar signals from individual ones of the plurality of the sensing electrodes, compute a combined far-field and mid-field signal based on summing and filtering ones of the received unipolar signals received from at least a pair of sensing electrodes disposed around a point of interest, compute a far-field signal as a weighted average of the received unipolar signals, weighted according to respective distances of the sensing electrodes from the point of interest, and compute and output a mid-field signal, representative of electrical activity below the tissue surface at the point of interest, based on subtracting the computed far-field signal from the computed combined far-field and mid-field signal.

Abstract: Classification of heartbeats based on intracardiac and body surface electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are provided. Intracardiac ECG (IC-ECG) signals and body surface ECG (BS-ECG) signals are processed to perform heartbeat classifications. A BS annotation of BS-ECG signals reflective of a sensed heartbeat is defined, the BS annotation including a BS annotation time value. IC annotations of IC-ECG signals which reflect atrial-activity or ventricular activity of the sensed heartbeat are also defined, each IC annotation including an IC annotation time value. The IC-ECG signals are discriminated as A-activity or V-activity and IC annotations are designated as IC-A annotations or IC-V annotations, respectively. A respective A/V time sequence comparison of IC annotations reflective of the sensed heartbeat is made with one or more time sequence templates for heartbeat classification.

Abstract: Classification of heartbeats based on intracardiac and body surface electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are provided. Intracardiac ECG (IC-ECG) signals and body surface ECG (BS-ECG) signals are processed to perform heartbeat classifications. A BS annotation of BS-ECG signals reflective of a sensed heartbeat is defined, the BS annotation including a BS annotation time value. IC annotations of IC-ECG signals which reflect atrial-activity or ventricular activity of the sensed heartbeat are also defined, each IC annotation including an IC annotation time value. The IC-ECG signals are discriminated as A-activity or V-activity and IC annotations are designated as IC-A annotations or IC-V annotations, respectively. A respective A/V time sequence comparison of IC annotations reflective of the sensed heartbeat is made with one or more time sequence templates for heartbeat classification.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a bipolar signal sensed by a pair of electrodes at a location in a heart of a patient. A unipolar signal is received, which is sensed by an electrode at the location in the heart. A derivative of the received bipolar signal is computed. A derivative of the received unipolar signal is computed. A ratio is evaluated, between the derivative of the bipolar signal and the derivative of the unipolar signal at local minima of the derivative of the unipolar signal. When the ratio is smaller than a preset threshold ratio value, an occurrence of ventricular activity is indicated.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a bipolar signal sensed by a pair of electrodes at a location in a heart of a patient. A unipolar signal is received, which is sensed by an electrode at the location in the heart. A derivative of the received bipolar signal is computed. A derivative of the received unipolar signal is computed. A ratio is evaluated, between the derivative of the bipolar signal and the derivative of the unipolar signal at local minima of the derivative of the unipolar signal. When the ratio is smaller than a preset threshold ratio value, an occurrence of ventricular activity is indicated.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems for intra-cardiac pattern matching are disclosed. A unipolar pattern intra-cardiac (IC) electromyography (EGM) signals is received for an area of a heart from a plurality of activity channels corresponding to a plurality of electrodes of a catheter. A window of interest (WOI) of the IC EGM signals is received representing an entire cycle length for a single heartbeat. A pattern of interest (POI) is selected to include a portion of WOI corresponding to an arrhythmia activation. A template POI is generated representative of the arrhythmia activation. Subsequent electrical activity is received, weights are applied and the subsequent electrical activity is compared with the template POI. A correlation score is generated and compared with a threshold correlation score.

Abstract: A medical analysis system, includes at least one catheter to be inserted into a body-part having a tissue surface, and comprising sensing electrodes to contact and receive electrical signals from the tissue surface, and processing circuitry to receive unipolar signals from individual ones of the plurality of the sensing electrodes, compute a combined far-field and mid-field signal based on summing and filtering ones of the received unipolar signals received from at least a pair of sensing electrodes disposed around a point of interest, compute a far-field signal as a weighted average of the received unipolar signals, weighted according to respective distances of the sensing electrodes from the point of interest, and compute and output a mid-field signal, representative of electrical activity below the tissue surface at the point of interest, based on subtracting the computed far-field signal from the computed combined far-field and mid-field signal.

Abstract: A method, including, receiving a first group of electrocardiograph (ECG) signals derived from a single heartbeat and generated at a respective plurality of electrodes on a catheter in a heart of a subject, formulating a template relating times of annotations of the first group of the ECG signals, and assigning the template an index. The method further includes receiving a second group of ECG signals derived from a subsequent single heartbeat and generated at the electrodes, calculating times of annotations of the second group, formulating a comparison between the template and the times of annotations of the second group, and, when the comparison indicates that the times of annotations of the second group correspond to the template, assigning the index to the second group of ECG signals, and presenting graphically on a display an occurrence of the template relative to a timeline representing heartbeats from the heart.

Abstract: A method, including, receiving a first group of electrocardiograph (ECG) signals derived from a single heartbeat and generated at a respective plurality of electrodes on a catheter in a heart of a subject, formulating a template relating times of annotations of the first group of the ECG signals, and assigning the template an index. The method further includes receiving a second group of ECG signals derived from a subsequent single heartbeat and generated at the electrodes, calculating times of annotations of the second group, formulating a comparison between the template and the times of annotations of the second group, and, when the comparison indicates that the times of annotations of the second group correspond to the template, assigning the index to the second group of ECG signals, and presenting graphically on a display an occurrence of the template relative to a timeline representing heartbeats from the heart.

Abstract: A cardiac simulation method includes storing, in a memory, a measured electrophysiological (EP) map of at least part of wall tissue of a heart of a patient. Based on the stored EP map, simulated electrical activity in response to computer-simulated pacing, which simulates actual electrical activity that would occur across the wall tissue of the heart of the patient in response to actual pacing, is calculated in a processor. Based on the simulated electrical activity calculated in the processor, one or more candidate locations on the wall tissue of the heart at which arrhythmia is suspected of originating are identified and indicated to a user.

Abstract: Cardiac electrograms are recorded in a plurality of channels. Beats are classified automatically into respective classifications according to a resemblance of the morphologic characteristics of the beats to members of a set of templates. Respective electroanatomic maps of the heart are generated from the classified beats.

Abstract: Classification of heartbeats based on intracardiac and body surface electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are provided. Intracardiac ECG (IC-ECG) signals and body surface ECG (BS-ECG) signals are processed to perform heartbeat classifications. A BS annotation of BS-ECG signals reflective of a sensed heartbeat is defined, the BS annotation including a BS annotation time value. IC annotations of IC-ECG signals which reflect atrial-activity or ventricular activity of the sensed heartbeat are also defined, each IC annotation including an IC annotation time value. The IC-ECG signals are discriminated as A-activity or V-activity and IC annotations are designated as IC-A annotations or IC-V annotations, respectively. A respective A/V time sequence comparison of IC annotations reflective of the sensed heartbeat is made with one or more time sequence templates for heartbeat classification.

Abstract: A medical apparatus, used to acquire electrical activity of patient anatomy, is provided which includes an elongated body and a tip portion coupled to the elongated body. The tip portion includes one or more inflatable sections. Each inflatable section has a plurality of electrodes disposed on one of: (i) an outer surface of the one or more inflatable sections; and (ii) an inner surface and the outer surface of the one or more inflatable sections. The one or more inflatable sections, when inflated, cause a portion of the plurality of electrodes to contact a surface of an organ and provide a pathway for physiological fluid to flow through the tip portion. In one embodiment, the tip portion is a tulip balloon tip portion. In another embodiment, the tip portion is an inflatable tip portion having one or more concentrically wound inflatable sections.

Abstract: Cardiac electrograms are recorded in a plurality of channels. Beats are classified automatically into respective classifications according to a resemblance of the morphologic characteristics of the beats to members of a set of templates. Respective electroanatomic maps of the heart are generated from the classified beats.

Abstract: A method, including, receiving a first group of electrocardiograph (ECG) signals derived from a single heartbeat and generated at a respective plurality of electrodes on a catheter in a heart of a subject, formulating a template relating times of annotations of the first group of the ECG signals, and assigning the template an index. The method further includes receiving a second group of ECG signals derived from a subsequent single heartbeat and generated at the electrodes, calculating times of annotations of the second group, formulating a comparison between the template and the times of annotations of the second group, and, when the comparison indicates that the times of annotations of the second group correspond to the template, assigning the index to the second group of ECG signals, and presenting graphically on a display an occurrence of the template relative to a timeline representing heartbeats from the heart.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a plurality of mapping electro-cardiogram (ECG) signals from respective mapping electrodes coupled to a surface of a heart of a patient. Multiple reference ECG signals are received from respective reference electrodes coupled to the patient. The multiple reference ECG signals are jointly processed, so as to produce a single timing reference indicative of cardiac cycle timing of the heart. The single timing reference is applied to the mapping ECG signals.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a plurality of mapping electro-cardiogram (ECG) signals from respective mapping electrodes coupled to a surface of a heart of a patient. Multiple reference ECG signals are received from respective reference electrodes coupled to the patient. The multiple reference ECG signals are jointly processed, so as to produce a single timing reference indicative of cardiac cycle timing of the heart. The single timing reference is applied to the mapping ECG signals.

Abstract: A method for mapping, consisting of receiving an initial set of measured values of a physiological parameter, which were measured at respective locations in a body organ and receiving a three-dimensional (3D) map of the organ including an array of spatial map elements. The method includes forming a correspondence between the respective locations at which the measured values were measured and a sub-group of the map elements, and in response to the correspondence, associating respective element values of the physiological parameter with map elements other than the sub-group. The method further includes adjusting the respective element values so that contiguous sets of the map elements form a geodesic, and displaying a map of the organ showing the adjusted element values.