Abstract: Systems and methods for rapidly and reliably determining an arch width of a patient's dental arch. A three-dimensional (3D) model of a patient's teeth, including a target tooth, can be received. Dental features from the 3D model may be extracted. The dental features may include a point of intersection between an occlusal surface of a tooth and a long axis of the tooth. An arch width between the target tooth and an opposing tooth may be determined based on the extracted dental features.

Abstract: In an n-node optical communications system, energy harvesting photodetectors at each node receive extraneous electromagnetic wavelengths that are not used for communication or other purposes by the associated node. The energy harvesting photodetectors convert the unused electromagnetic energy into reusable electrical energy. The harvested electrical energy may be used as auxiliary power at the node or elsewhere in the communication system, or stored in a battery, capacitor, or other energy storage device. The system may be used in an “all-to-all” broadcast and select communication scheme or in some other broadcast and select interconnect system that has extraneous wavelengths at node receivers.

Abstract: A connector assembly for optically coupling a first optical device mounted on a first substrate to a second optical device mounted on a second substrate, where the first and second substrates are orthogonally oriented to each other, is presented. The connector assembly includes two connectors. The first connector has an optical waveguide array. The optical waveguide array further includes multiple parallel optical waveguides that are continuously redirected by a mirror oriented at a 45 degree angle to the optical waveguides. Likewise, the second connector also has an optical waveguide array further include multiple parallel optical waveguides continuously redirected by a mirror oriented at a 45 degree angle to the optical waveguides. The first connector is oriented orthogonally to the second connector and the first and second connectors are optically welded together in a back-to-back configuration.

Abstract: In an n-node optical communications system, energy harvesting photodetectors at each node receive extraneous electromagnetic wavelengths that are not used for communication or other purposes by the associated node. The energy harvesting photodetectors convert the unused electromagnetic energy into reusable electrical energy. The harvested electrical energy may be used as auxiliary power at the node or elsewhere in the communication system, or stored in a battery, capacitor, or other energy storage device. The system may be used in an “all-to-all” broadcast and select communication scheme or in some other broadcast and select interconnect system that has extraneous wavelengths at node receivers.

Abstract: A connector assembly for optically coupling a first optical device mounted on a first substrate to a second optical device mounted on a second substrate, where the first and second substrates are orthogonally oriented to each other, is presented. The connector assembly includes two connectors. The first connector has an optical waveguide array. The optical waveguide array further includes multiple parallel optical waveguides that are continuously redirected by a mirror oriented at a 45 degree angle to the optical waveguides. Likewise, the second connector also has an optical waveguide array further include multiple parallel optical waveguides continuously redirected by a mirror oriented at a 45 degree angle to the optical waveguides. The first connector is oriented orthogonally to the second connector and the first and second connectors are optically welded together in a back-to-back configuration.

Abstract: Some exemplary embodiments comprise fluoro-containing derivatives of pyrido[4,3-b]indoles (and exemplary methods of making the same) that may be administered to a mammal (including a human) in an effective amount for potential use in the treatment or prophylaxis of neurological disorders including AD, mild cognitive impairment, senile and vascular dementia, HD, ALS, Parkinson's disease, AIDS-related dementia, ischaemic cerebral pathologies, neuropathic pain, ADHD (attention deficit disorder/hyperactivity syndrome), eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia, panic attacks, withdrawal from drug abuse such as cocaine, ethanol, nicotine and benzodiazepines, schizophrenia (in particular the cognitive deficit of schizophrenia), stroke and also disorders associated with spinal trauma and/or head injury. These derivatives may also be useful for the treatment of borderline personality disorder, obesity, and for use as geroprotectors.

Abstract: The object of the invention is increasing the service life or service performance of railway wheelsets. Said technical effect is achieved by the means that, in the method for increasing the service life or service performance of railway wheelsets, in which each wheel is implemented in the form of a cylindrical working part having a running or rolling surface and a rim connected thereto by a radius transition, the metal hardening of the wheelset or of a wheel is carried out by conduction of current through rotating contact rollers, which are pressed under pressure onto the surface to be treated, wherein the heating and hardening of the surface is performed in the form of one or more strips.

Abstract: Some exemplary embodiments comprise fluoro-containing derivatives of pyrido[4,3-b]indoles (and exemplary methods of making the same) that may be administered to a mammal (including a human) in an effective amount for potential use in the treatment or prophylaxis of neurological disorders including AD, mild cognitive impairment, senile and vascular dementia, HD, ALS, Parkinson's disease, AIDS-related dementia, ischaemic cerebral pathologies, neuropathic pain, ADHD (attention deficit disorder/hyperactivity syndrome), eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia, panic attacks, withdrawal from drug abuse such as cocaine, ethanol, nicotine and benzodiazepines, schizophrenia (in particular the cognitive deficit of schizophrenia), stroke and also disorders associated with spinal trauma and/or head injury. These derivatives may also be useful for the treatment of borderline personality disorder, obesity, and for use as geroprotectors.

Abstract: Some exemplary embodiments comprise fluoro-containing derivatives of pyrido[4,3-b]indoles (and exemplary methods of making the same) that may be administered to a mammal (including a human) in an effective amount for potential use in the treatment or prophylaxis of neurological disorders including AD, mild cognitive impairment, senile and vascular dementia, HD, ALS, Parkinson's disease, AIDS-related dementia, ischaemic cerebral pathologies, neuropathic pain, ADHD (attention deficit disorder/hyperactivity syndrome), eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia, panic attacks, withdrawal from drug abuse such as cocaine, ethanol, nicotine and benzodiazepines, schizophrenia (in particular the cognitive deficit of schizophrenia), stroke and also disorders associated with spinal trauma and/or head injury. These derivatives may also be useful for the treatment of borderline personality disorder, obesity, and for use as geroprotectors.

Abstract: Some exemplary embodiments comprise fluoro-containing derivatives of pyrido[4,3-b]indoles (and exemplary methods of making the same) that may be administered to a mammal (including a human) in an effective amount for potential use in the treatment or prophylaxis of neurological disorders including AD, mild cognitive impairment, senile and vascular dementia, HD, ALS, Parkinson's disease, AIDS-related dementia, ischaemic cerebral pathologies, neuropathic pain, ADHD (attention deficit disorder/hyperactivity syndrome), eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia, panic attacks, withdrawal from drug abuse such as cocaine, ethanol, nicotine and benzodiazepines, schizophrenia (in particular the cognitive deficit of schizophrenia), stroke and also disorders associated with spinal trauma and/or head injury. These derivatives may also be useful for the treatment of borderline personality disorder, obesity, and for use as geroprotectors.

Abstract: A high frequency signal source module includes a housing have a high-Q dielectric puck and a transition enclosure employing an antipodal finline transition. A circuit module connected to the high-Q puck includes an oscillator circuit that cooperates with the high-Q puck, and a frequency doubling circuit. In turn, the output of the frequency doubler is coupled to the antipodal finline transition, and thence to the output standard rectangular waveguide.

Abstract: A phase modulator for communication applications is constructed in so as to be easily implemented by way of MMIC technology. A phase modulator section is followed by a saturated amplifier section so as to provide substantially constant amplitude for all bits or states. The phase modulator section is a bi-phase shift keyed or quadrature-phase shift keyed modulator constructed in accordance with the present invention for discretely varying the phase of an input carrier signal between two or four possible phase states, respectively. The bi-phase shift keyed modulator includes at least a first pair of first and second transmission line segments and a pair of switches which each serve as a single-pole double-throw switch for operatively connecting one of the pair of transmission line segments between an input associated with the first switch, and an output associated with the second switch.

Abstract: A multifunction high frequency integrated circuit structure and circuit configuration includes a resonator or oscillator circuit coupled to a buffer amplifier by way of a stripline coupler. The resonator circuit includes an input terminating region which is coupled to three input terminating ports. A first one of the input terminating ports is coupled directly to the resonator for either being electrically connected to a selected signal source or load, a second one of the input terminating ports is electrically connected to either a fixed or variable potential source, and the remaining input terminating port is coupled to the resonator input terminating region through another stripline coupler, and is intended to be electrically connected to another selected signal source.

Abstract: An analog phase modulator is provided for linearly phase modulating a high carrier frequency input signal in proportion to an applied bias signal. A first variable reactance network, including at least a pair of variable reactance devices separated by an approximately 1/4 wave length transmission line segment, is capacitively coupled to an in-phase port of a power divider network, and a second identical variable reactance network is capacitively coupled to a quadrature phase shifted port of the power divider network. A bias source signal is applied to each of the first and second variable reactance networks through identical bias filters, each including a high impedance transmission line segment serially connected between the bias source and the variable reactance network, and a low impedance transmission line segment shunt segment at the juncture of the high impedance transmission line segment and the bias source input port.

Abstract: An apparatus supplies an ohmic, inductive or capacitive load with needle pulse trains in which each individual pulse has a duration of less than 1 millisecond. Due to pulse amplitudes which are by far higher in relation to the nominal voltage of the load, considerable increases in efficiency can be achieved, however, without damaging the load or impairing its useful life. The needle pulses are of constant amplitude and the same polarity. The ratio between pulse voltage and nominal voltage is always higher than 1.7.

Abstract: A non-destructive and non-invasive method for monitoring a selected characteristic of a fabricated semiconductor sample while inside a fabrication chamber and during the fabrication process, where selected materials are deposited on a planar surface of a wafer substrate in a fabrication chamber, employs one or more viewports in the walls of the fabrication chamber. A focused electromagnetic wave is generated external to the fabrication chamber, and directed through a viewport to impinge upon a selected portion of the planar surface of the wafer substrate at an oblique incident angle relative to the planar surface of the wafer substrate. In turn, a reflected electromagnetic wave emanating from the planar surface of the wafer substrate is detected. A signal processor then determines a reflection coefficient as a function of a selected characteristic of the focused electromagnetic wave and the reflected electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: A non-destructive method for monitoring the carrier lifetime characteristic of a fabricated semiconductor sample during the fabrication process, where selected materials are deposited on a planar surface of a wafer substrate in a fabrication chamber, employs one or more viewports in the walls of a fabrication chamber, thus avoiding any alteration of the fabrication process. A focused electromagnetic wave is generated external to the fabrication chamber, and directed through a viewport to impinge upon a selected portion of the planar surface of the wafer substrate at an oblique incident angle relative to the planar surface of the wafer substrate. In turn, a reflected electromagnetic wave emanating from the planar surface of the wafer substrate is detected. A light source, also external to the fabrication chamber, generates light directed at the wafer substrate through a viewport. The light is intended to have wavelength components capable of generating hole-electron pairs in the wafer substrate.

Abstract: A three-dimensional interconnect package is provided for monolithic microwave/millimeterwave integrated circuits. A mating substrate for receiving an MMIC has transmission lines disposed over its surfaces. The mating substrate mounted substantially vertical in a base substrate which also has transmission lines for carrying microwave/millimeterwave signals. The transmission lines on both substrates are put in electrical contact and microwave/millimeterwave signals are transmitted between the substrates with a minimum of signal loss or reflection.

Abstract: An instrument for ligating bone tissues of ribs and clavicles with metal staples includes an anvil body rigidly connected to a staple driving body which accommodates a staple pusher. The latter is mounted for reciprocation in relation to the anvil body. A hook with an anvil is mounted on the staple driving body for reciprocation in relation to the latter. The staple pusher and the hook are driven by relatively movable assemblies composed of a nut and a screw, as well as cams which translate longitudinal motion of the screws in relation to the anvil body into transverse motion of the staple pusher and the hook relative to the anvil body.

Abstract: A method of quantitative analysis of substances based on nuclear magnetic resonance comprises the steps of weighing a sample of substance to be analyzed, obtaining therefrom and accumulating nuclear magnetic resonance signals during n measuring cycles, computing a mean value of the nuclear magnetic resonance signals, and determining percentage of components in the sample being analyzed with regard to its mass and the mean value of the nuclear magnetic resonance signals. The mean value of the accumulated signals and its standard deviation are computed as the accumulation occurs during each of the n measuring cycles, the subsequent step being subtraction of the standard deviation from the permissible limiting standard deviation value whereupon the accumulation is stopped during the n.sub.i th cycle in which a difference between said magnitudes is a positive value.