Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses are disclosed for identifying anomalies or changes in road conditions on a roadway location. An initial low rank data matrix of initial vehicle probe data at a plurality of different times for a roadway location is provided, where the initial low rank data matrix represents a baseline of road conditions for the roadway location. A plurality of additional vehicle probe data from at least one vehicle at the roadway location is received. The additional vehicle probe data is added to the initial vehicle probe data of the initial low rank data matrix. The updated data matrix with the compiled probe data is decomposed into a low rank data matrix and a sparse data matrix. A change at the roadway location is identified based on the probe data in the sparse data matrix.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses are disclosed for determining lane information of a roadway segment from vehicle probe data. Probe data is received from radar sensors of vehicles at a road segment, where the probe data includes an identification of static objects and dynamic objects in proximity to the respective vehicles at the road segment, and geographic locations of the static objects and the dynamic objects. A reference point, such as a road boundary, at the road segment is determined from the identified static objects. Lateral distances between the identified dynamic objects and the reference point are calculated. A number of lanes at the road segment are ascertained from a distribution of the calculated distances of the identified dynamic objects from the reference point.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses are disclosed for determining lane information of a roadway segment from vehicle probe data. Probe data is received from radar sensors of vehicles at a road segment, where the probe data includes an identification of static objects and dynamic objects in proximity to the respective vehicles at the road segment, and geographic locations of the static objects and the dynamic objects. A reference point, such as a road boundary, at the road segment is determined from the identified static objects. Lateral distances between the identified dynamic objects and the reference point are calculated. A number of lanes at the road segment are ascertained from a distribution of the calculated distances of the identified dynamic objects from the reference point.

Abstract: A map developer may maintain multiple versions of a geographic database including map tile data. Map tile data may be organized according to a versioning schema. A server, or an endpoint device in communication with the server, may receive a request for map data for a tile associated with a tile identifier and access a tile compatibility table with the tile identifier. The tile compatible table includes multiple tile version identifiers for the tile indexed by global map version identifiers and returns a compatible tile identifier and a compatible map version in response to the request for map data.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses are disclosed for identifying anomalies or changes in road conditions on a roadway location. An initial low rank data matrix of initial vehicle probe data at a plurality of different times for a roadway location is provided, where the initial low rank data matrix represents a baseline of road conditions for the roadway location. A plurality of additional vehicle probe data from at least one vehicle at the roadway location is received. The additional vehicle probe data is added to the initial vehicle probe data of the initial low rank data matrix. The updated data matrix with the compiled probe data is decomposed into a low rank data matrix and a sparse data matrix. A change at the roadway location is identified based on the probe data in the sparse data matrix.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses are disclosed for determining lane information of a roadway segment from vehicle probe data. Probe data is received from vehicle camera sensors at a road segment, wherein the probe data includes lane marking data on the road segment. Lane markings are identified, to the extent present, for the left and right boundaries of the lane of travel as well as the adjacent lane boundaries to the left and right of the lane of travel. The identified lane markings are coded, wherein solid lane lines, dashed lane lines, and unidentified or non-existing lane lines are differentiated. The coded lane markings are compiled in a database. A number of lanes are predicted at the road segment from the database of coded lane markings.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses are disclosed for identifying anomalies or changes in road conditions on a roadway location. An initial low rank data matrix of initial vehicle probe data at a plurality of different times for a roadway location is provided, where the initial low rank data matrix represents a baseline of road conditions for the roadway location. A plurality of additional vehicle probe data from at least one vehicle at the roadway location is received. The additional vehicle probe data is added to the initial vehicle probe data of the initial low rank data matrix. The updated data matrix with the compiled probe data is decomposed into a low rank data matrix and a sparse data matrix. A change at the roadway location is identified based on the probe data in the sparse data matrix.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses are disclosed for determining lane information of a roadway segment from vehicle probe data. Probe data is received from radar sensors of vehicles at a road segment, where the probe data includes an identification of static objects and dynamic objects in proximity to the respective vehicles at the road segment, and geographic locations of the static objects and the dynamic objects. A reference point, such as a road boundary, at the road segment is determined from the identified static objects. Lateral distances between the identified dynamic objects and the reference point are calculated. A number of lanes at the road segment are ascertained from a distribution of the calculated distances of the identified dynamic objects from the reference point.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses are disclosed for identifying anomalies or changes in road conditions on a roadway location. An initial low rank data matrix of initial vehicle probe data at a plurality of different times for a roadway location is provided, where the initial low rank data matrix represents a baseline of road conditions for the roadway location. A plurality of additional vehicle probe data from at least one vehicle at the roadway location is received. The additional vehicle probe data is added to the initial vehicle probe data of the initial low rank data matrix. The updated data matrix with the compiled probe data is decomposed into a low rank data matrix and a sparse data matrix. A change at the roadway location is identified based on the probe data in the sparse data matrix.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods are provided for refining an aerial image. A plurality of aerial images is received using a processor. The plurality of aerial images is developed into a three-dimensional model. The three-dimensional model is synthesized into an improved orthophoto image. The improved orthophoto image may be stored on a personal computer or workstation as a reference platform.

Abstract: The invention provides for a recording method comprising the steps of modulating a first light beam; directing a second light beam to interfere with the first light beam to produce an interference pattern in a region of a recording medium; forming an optical device in the medium responsive to the interference pattern, wherein optical characteristics of the optical device are varied responsive to variations in the interference pattern. A method of playback, a recording and/or reading head and data carriers are also claimed. An example relates to a full diffraction analogy of gramophone recording. The interference of two beams, one of which is functionally linked to an audio signal, results in a change of the diffractive structure that instantly reflects the change of the input signal. On playback the diffracted light beam oscillates in the same way as the gramophone needle would vibrate. Another aspect of the disclosure relates to multilevel digital recording using holographic and/or diffractive structures.

Abstract: A portable DGPS navigation apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a receiver assembly and a DGPS antenna assembly. The receiver assembly includes a GNSS antenna, a GNSS receiver, and a DGPS modem. The DGPS antenna assembly includes a DGPS antenna; a top connector for coupling the DGPS antenna assembly to the receiver assembly such that the receiver assembly and DGPS antenna assembly are aligned with a geodetic pole, and a bottom connecter.

Abstract: A portable DGPS navigation apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a receiver assembly and a DGPS antenna assembly. The receiver assembly includes a GNSS antenna, a GNSS receiver, and a DGPS modem. The DGPS antenna assembly includes a DGPS antenna; a top connector for coupling the DGPS antenna assembly to the receiver assembly such that the receiver assembly and DGPS antenna assembly are aligned with a geodetic pole, and a bottom connecter.