Abstract: Disclosed herein is a device for separation and analysis of trace and ultra-trace ionogenic compounds by isotachophoresis-zone electrophoresis on a chip with online detection and method of its use, concentrating trace and ultra-trace analytes by isotachophoretic migration in a wide separation channel when a manifold of auxiliary electrodes is employed. Then the isotachophoretic zones of trace and ultra-trace analytes are transferred by isotachophoretic migration through a tapered channel, while corresponding auxiliary electrodes are progressively disconnected from the power supply. When the isotachophoretic zones enter the analytical capillary channel, the mode switches to zone electrophoresis and an online detector detects analytes for qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a device for separation and analysis of trace and ultra-trace ionogenic compounds by isotachophoresis-zone electrophoresis on a chip with online detection and method of its use, concentrating trace and ultra-trace analytes by isotachophoretic migration in a wide separation channel when a manifold of auxiliary electrodes is employed. Then the isotachophoretic zones of trace and ultra-trace analytes are transferred by isotachophoretic migration through a tapered channel, while corresponding auxiliary electrodes are progressively disconnected from the power supply. When the isotachophoretic zones enter the analytical capillary channel, the mode switches to zone electrophoresis and an online detector detects analytes for qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composition of a separation medium and method of its use for electrophoresis in bare channels, either capillaries or chips, with suppressed electroosmotic flow, wherein various forms of boric acid are adsorbed on the wall of said separation channel, efficiently suppressing zeta potential of the wall of said bare channel. A composition of a sieving separation medium for electrophoresis of DNA is disclosed. A composition of a sieving separation medium for electrophoretic size separation of proteins by SDS CSE is also disclosed. A composition of a separation medium for capillary electrophoresis without sieving is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composition and method for sample preparation of proteins for their size separation by electrophoresis, suitable for molecular-weight determination of proteins in the range between about 14,000 and 500,000. In an embodiment, proteins, particularly those exhibiting biased migration, are modified to change their intrinsic charge, or carbohydrate component to improve accuracy of their molecular weights as determined by electrophoretic size separation via their interaction with ionic surfactants. In a preferred embodiment, the proteins are carbamylated with potassium cyanate and their carbohydrate components are oxidized with sodium periodate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composition of a separation medium and method of its use for electrophoresis in bare channels, either capillaries or chips, with suppressed electroosmotic flow, wherein various forms of boric acid are adsorbed on the wall of said separation channel, efficiently suppressing zeta potential of the wall of said bare channel. A composition of a sieving separation medium for electrophoresis of DNA is disclosed. A composition of a sieving separation medium for electrophoretic size separation of proteins by SDS CSE is also disclosed. A composition of a separation medium for capillary electrophoresis without sieving is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composition and method for sample preparation of proteins for their size separation by electrophoresis, suitable for molecular-weight determination of proteins in the range between about 14,000 and 500,000. In an embodiment, proteins, particularly those exhibiting biased migration, are modified to change their intrinsic charge, or carbohydrate component to improve accuracy of their molecular weights as determined by electrophoretic size separation via their interaction with ionic surfactants. In a preferred embodiment, the proteins are carbamylated with potassium cyanate and their carbohydrate components are oxidized with sodium periodate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for size separation of proteins by capillary sieving electrophoresis with cationic surfactant, suitable for size separation of proteins with molecular weights in the range between about 14,000 and about 500,000, further a composition of a separation medium and denaturing solution for said method of separation method. In a preferred embodiment, the separation medium comprises a buffer having pH between about 3 and 5.5, a neutral hydrophilic sieving polymer, and between about 0.5 and about 30 g/L cationic surfactant.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method of preparation of a permanent neutral wall coating made of thermally immobilized polysaccharides. The coating suppresses electroosmotic flow and adsorption on the wall under acidic, neutral, and basic conditions in capillary electrophoresis.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for size separation of proteins by capillary sieving electrophoresis with cationic surfactant, suitable for molecular-weight determination of proteins in the range between about 14,000 and 500,000, further a composition of a separation medium and of a denaturing solution for said method. In a preferred embodiment, the separation medium comprises a buffer having pH between about 3 and 5.5, a neutral hydrophilic sieving polymer, and between about 0.5 and 30 g/L cationic surfactant.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method of preparation of a neutral wall coating made of thermally immobilized polysaccharides. The coating suppresses electroosmotic flow and adsorption on the wall under acidic, neutral, and basic conditions in capillary electrophoresis.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method of preparation of a charged wall coating made of thermally immobilized cationic polysaccharides. The coating enables stable electroosmotic flow to be generated.

Abstract: Multi-capillary systems for high-throughput electrophoretic separation and detection of biomolecules are disclosed. One embodiment of the invention uses galactomannans as a size-sieving matrix for multi-channel electrophoretic separations of biomolecules. Multi-color detection for the simultaneous analysis of controls and standards in the same channels as the samples, and endogenous fluorescence detection are also disclosed. Another embodiment of the invention is a two dimensional system for separation of complex samples, using multiplexed capillary electrophoresis system as the second dimension, with a fraction collection step connecting the two separation steps. The systems allow for separations to be accomplished with a highly parallel manner, or in a two-dimensional format.

Abstract: Galactomannans with a reduced protein content in an anhydrous, powder form, a process of producing same and a capillary column containing a composition of the galactomannans for use as a sieving matrix in capillary electrophoresis are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method and apparatus utilizing a capillary coating of linear and crosslinked polymers and copolymers of acrylamidomonomers or methacrylamides bearing two hydroxyethyl residues. The method and apparatus employ this coating to maintain coating integrity and suppress electroosmotic flow under basic conditions in capillary electrophoresis.

Abstract: Surfaces of silica-containing materials, such as the inner walls of silica capillaries, used in chromatographic, particularly electrophoretic, separations are coated with an organic polymer layer to reduce or eliminate surface charges. The layer is applied by first converting the silanol groups on the surface to silicon halide groups, then reacting these groups with an organometallic reagent having a terminal ethenyl moiety, preferably vinyl or allyl lithium or a vinyl or allyl magnesium halide, to convert the silicon halide groups to Si--R groups where the R retains the terminal ethenyl moiety, and finally reacting these ethenyl groups newly attached to the surface with a neutral organic monomer in an addition polymerization reaction to form a monomolecular noncrosslinked polymer layer over the surface. The resulting polymer layer is linked to the silica directly through a Si--C bond which is stable over a wide range of pH conditions.

Abstract: Gels are formed in capillary tubes by electrophoretically drawing a charged polymerization initiator into a capillary tube pre-filled with monomer, crosslinking agent and catalyst. The rate of travel of the initiator is slow enough to maintain a sharp leading edge or front, thereby causing polymerization to occur in a progressive manner from one end of the capillary to the other. The shrinkage inherent in the polymerization reaction is thus compensated by fluid movement ahead of the traveling initiator front, and discontinuities in the gel which would otherwise be formed are avoided.

Abstract: Surfaces of silica-containing materials, such as the inner walls of silica capillaries, used in chromatographic, particularly electrophoretic, separations are coated with an organic polymer layer to reduce or eliminate surface charges. The layer is applied by first converting the silanol groups on the surface to silicon halide groups, then reacting these groups with an organometallic reagent having a terminal ethenyl moiety, preferably vinyl or allyl lithium or a vinyl or allyl magnesium halide, to convert the silicon halide groups to Si--R groups where the R retains the terminal ethenyl moiety, and finally reacting these ethenyl groups newly attached to the surface with a neutral organic monomer in an addition polymerization reaction to form a monomolecular noncrosslinked polymer layer over the surface. The resulting polymer layer is linked to the silica directly through a Si--C bond which is stable over a wide range of pH conditions.