Abstract: Surface-modified cell containing a cell and a conformal coating on the extracellular surface of the cell are described. The conformal coating contains two or more layers containing particles (e.g. nanoparticles) or macromolecules. The cell is an islet cell, a B cell, or a T cell. The macromolecules or particles are formed from zwitterionic polymers. Covalent linkages are employed to link the particles or macromolecules to a cell surface molecule containing an abiotic functional group, or between macromolecules and/or particles in adjacent layers. Also described are methods of making and using a surface-modified cell.

Abstract: Zwitterionic polymers or biocompatible polymers with improved properties for cell encapsulation, coating of devices, or a combination thereof are described. The biocompatible polymer contains a zwitterionic monomer, a monomer with a reactive side chain, and optionally another hydrophobic monomer or a neutral hydrophilic monomer. The zwitterionic polymers are cross-linked with a cross-linker via covalent bond to form a zwitterionic hydrogel in the presence of cells. Also provided, are methods of making and using the zwitterionic polymers.

Abstract: CGMs containing a sensor electrode that is partially or completely coated with one or more layers of a material containing zwitterionic polymers are disclosed. With just a single calibration after implantation, CGMs containing the zwitterionic polymer coatings show reduced discordance between detected and actual blood glucose levels, during the crucial first one to three days, where current commercially available CGMs tend to show discordance with actual blood glucose levels.

Abstract: Macrodevices containing a micro-fabricated body having at least one or multiple compartments and a porous membrane, methods of making and using thereof, are described. The one or multiple compartments encapsulate one or more cells that secrete a therapeutic agent in cell-based therapy. The porous membrane provides immunoprotection the encapsulated cells. Further, the surface of the macrodevices is chemically modified using polymers and/or small molecules, reducing fibrosis of the macrodevices, thereby allowing in vivo delivery of the secreted therapeutic agents for extended periods of time.

Abstract: Zwitterionic polymers or biocompatible polymers with improved properties for cell encapsulation, coating of devices, or a combination thereof are described. The biocompatible polymer contains a zwitterionic monomer, a monomer with a reactive side chain, and optionally another hydrophobic monomer or a neutral hydrophilic monomer. The zwitterionic polymers are cross-linked with a cross-linker via covalent bond to form a zwitterionic hydrogel in the presence of cells. Also provided, are methods of making and using the zwitterionic polymers.